Immunpglobulins/Antibodies

Question 1

Ig/Ab are present in?

Answer 1

Ig are present in blood fluid, mucus, extravascular fluid.

Question 2

Most abundant protein in Blood?

Answer 2

Plasma

Question 3

Most abundant protein in Body?

Answer 3

Collagen

Question 4

Globulin?

Answer 4

1. Major plasma protein after albumin
2. divided into α, β, γ
3. α and β are produced in liver.
4. γ are Ig, produced by Immune cells

Question 5

Anticoagulant?

Answer 5

substance that helps prevent blood clots from forming. It works by inhibiting certain clotting factors in the blood, reducing the ability of the blood to clot.

Question 6

Types of Anticoagulant

Answer 6

1. Calcium chelator
2. Non-calcium Chelator

Question 7

calcium chelator

Answer 7

1. Oxalates
2. EDTA Tri-sodium citrate

Question 8

Oxalates

Answer 8

1. Ammonium Oxalates
2. Potassium Oxalates
3. Double Oxalates

Question 9

Non-Calcium Chelator

Answer 9

1. heparin (Natural)
2. Warfarin (Artificial)

Question 10

Major Anti-coagulant used for Blood investigation?

Answer 10

EDTA

Question 11

Blooad has —– clotting factors?

Answer 11

13

Question 12

Serum?

Answer 12

It is essentially blood plasma without the clotting proteins. Blood serum contains water, electrolytes, antibodies, hormones, and other proteins, but it does not include blood cells or clotting factors.

Question 13

Serum has 4 missing coagulant factors, those are?

Answer 13

1. Fibrinogen
2. Pro0thrombin
3. Proaccelerin
4. AHF (Anti-hemophilic factor)

Question 14

Properties of IG?

Answer 14

1. Y shaped structure
2. 4 polypeptide chain
3. 2 heavy, 2 light

Question 15

Ig are responsible for?

Answer 15

Recognition and Helps in Neutralisation of incoming pathogen

Question 16

amio-acid in light chain

Answer 16

214 a.a

Question 17

a.a in heavy chain

Answer 17

450 aa

Question 18

Weight of Light chain

Answer 18

25 KDa

Question 19

weight of Heavy chain

Answer 19

50 KDa

Question 20

Antigen is recognised by ?

Answer 20

both heavy and light chain

Question 21

CDRs in Bivalent Ig?

Answer 21

12

Question 22

Recognition functionality will be lost

Answer 22

if heavy and light chain will be separated

Question 23

Igs are highly specific.
True or False?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Whose CDRs play major role in recognition?

Answer 24

CDRs of heavy chain

Question 25

Ag-Ab interaction involves?

Answer 25

Non-covalent Interaction. eg: Hydrophobic, Ionic, H-Bond etc.

Question 26

CDRs of Heavy chain are much more variale? True or False

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Types of Immunoglobulin on basis of different sequence of Heavy Chain

Answer 27

IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD

Question 28

different sequence of Light Chain

Answer 28

Kappa-60% (K) and Lambda-40%(λ)

Question 29

Constant heavy id dvided into

Answer 29

CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4 (each has 100-110 aa) IgM and IgE has CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4 IgD, IgG and IgA has CH1, CH2, CH3

Question 30

which Ig evolve first?

Answer 30

IgM

Question 30

Glycosylation ?

Answer 30

Oligosaccharides group attached at CH2 domian

Question 31

Which is reponsible for Stability in Ig Structure?

Answer 31

Di-sulfide Bond

Question 32

Glycosylation results in?

Answer 32

Increasing the Hydrophilic behaviour and so is the solubility

Question 33

Hinge

Answer 33

1. present between Ch1 and CH2 2. has 10-62 aa long

Question 34

Hinge respnsible for?

Answer 34

Flexibility

Question 35

aa present at Hinge

Answer 35

Order is Pro>Cys>Lys>Asp

Question 36

Papain (In-Vitro)

Answer 36

1. Cystein protease- endopeptidase 2. Cleaves Just above the S-S Bond 3. 3 Fragments 2- Fab 1- Fc

Question 37

Pepsin (In-Vivo)

Answer 37

1. Present in Stomach 2. Cleaves just below the S-S Bond F(ab)2-1 Fc Fragments- Multiple

Question 38

Fab

Answer 38

Papain single Ag Binding site Molecular weight: 50 KDa 6 CDR 5 S-S Bond Will not Bind to Ag

Question 39

F(ab)2

Answer 39

Pepsin 2 Ag Binding site Molecular weight: 110 Kda (10 kda of s-s bond) 12 CDR 7 S-S Bond will bind to Ag

Question 40

Paratopes?

Answer 40

All CDRs of VH and VL. at single Ag Binding site , is combinely referred as Paratope?

Question 41

Role of Constant region?

Answer 41

1. Phagocytosis 2. Complement System 3. ADCC (Ab dependent Cell mediated cytotoxicity)

Question 42

what happens when Ag binds to Ab?`

Answer 42

1. Ag-Ab complex change the conformation 2. Binding sites get exposed @ CH2 and CH3 domain

Question 43

Role of CH2 Domain?

Answer 43

Activate the Complement System

Question 44

Role of CH3 Domain?

Answer 44

Phagocytosis

Question 45

Molecule that helps in Phagocytosis?

Answer 45

Opsulin

Question 46

Complement Mediated killing?

Answer 46

Formation of pore in Ag's outer-wall/cell wall