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pharm exam 3 > Immunopharmacology > Flashcards

Immunopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What released IL-2? What are the functions of IL-2?

A
  • T lymphocyte releases IL-2 in response to interaction with APC
  • IL-2 further activates releasing lymphocyte and activates T helper cells
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2
Q

what is corticosteroids’ immunosuppressive effect

A
  • broad
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3
Q

corticosteroids side effects

A
  • cushing’s like syndrome
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4
Q

MOA T cell suppressants

A

Calcineurin inhibitors

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5
Q

Name the two T cell suppressants

A
  • calcineurin inhibitor
    • cyclosporine
    • tacrolimus
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6
Q

list toxicites shared in T-cell suppressants

A
  • HTN
  • nephrotoxicity
  • Hyperglycemia
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7
Q

metabolism of cyclosporine and Tacrolimus

A

metabolized by CYP3A4 in liver

  • narrow theraputic range
  • many drug interactions
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8
Q

patients who are taking cyclosporine should not drink

A

grapefruit juice

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9
Q

name three drugs that are potent inducers of CYP3A4 and would decrease cyclosporine concentration

A
  • rifampin
  • phenytoin
  • phenobarbital
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10
Q

name three drugs that are potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 and would increase cyclosporine concentration

A
  • erythromycin
  • ketoconazole
  • verapamil
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11
Q

toxicity of cyclosporine

A
  • gingival hyperplasia
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12
Q

FK506, Tacrolimus toxicity

A
  • insomnia
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13
Q

Name the 4 proliferation signal inhibitors

A
  • Sirolimus
  • Pimecrolimus
  • Mycophenolate Mofetil
  • Thalidomide
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14
Q

benefit of sirolimus

A
  • no renal toxicity
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15
Q

Use of Pimecrolimus

A

topical cream for atopic dermatitis

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16
Q

MOA of Mycophenolate-Mofetil

A
  • decreases DNA synthesis by inhibiting monophosphate dehydrogenase which is needed by T and B cells for purine synthesis
  • therefore high specificity
17
Q

Mycophenolate-Mofetil is often combined with which drug

A

tacrolimus

18
Q

side effects of Mycophenolate-Mofetil

A
  • rash
  • serious infections
19
Q

MOA of Azathioprine

A
  • converted to 6-mercaptopurine
  • inhibits purine synthesis
20
Q

toxicity of Azathioprine

A
  • bone marrow suppression
  • teratogenic
21
Q

How is Azathioprine metabolized

A

metabolized by xanthine oxidase

*reduce dose if used with allopurinol

22
Q

MOA of cyclophosphamide

A
  • direct effect on T and B cells
  • blocks response to new antigens
  • can inhibit established immune response
23
Q

toxicity of cyclophosphamide

A
  • Hemorrhagic cystitis
    • prevent with hydration and MESNA
  • bone marrow suppression
24
Q

MOA of methotrexate

A
  • human dihydrogolate reductase inhibitor
25
Q

toxicity of Methotrexate

A
  • fetal toxicity (teratogenic)
  • Hepatotoxicity
26
Q

Use of Methotrexate

A

RA

27
Q

What cytokines to T helper 1 cells produce

A
  • interferon-gamma
  • TNT-Beta
28
Q

MOA of Daclizumab/Basiliximab

A
  • bind to IL-2 receptor on activated T-cells, inhibit IL-2 activation
29
Q

use of Daclizumab/Basiliximab

A
  • used right after transplant-induction
  • no drug interactions
30
Q

MOA of Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, Pegaptanib, aflibercept

A
  • bind to VEGF-A
  • drugs for macular degeneration
31
Q

Interleukin-2 is used in treatment of what two CA

A
  • renal cell carcinoma
  • malginant cell carcinoma
32
Q

Function of Granulocyte colony stimulating factor; Filgrastim (Neupogen)

A
  • human recombinant used for treatment of severe neutropenia induced by stem cell transplant or chemotherapy
33
Q

Function of Epoetin-alpha (Epogen)

A
  • human recombinant form of erythropoetin used for treatment of severe anemia
34
Q

what interferon is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

A

interferon beta-1b

35
Q

MOA of Glatiramer in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

A

antibodies bind to drug instead of nerve (decoy drug) used in mulitple sclerosis

36
Q

Dimethyl Fumarate is used to treat what condition

A

multiple sclerosis

pharm exam 3 (7 decks)

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