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pharm exam 3 > Antiprotozoal/Antihelmintic > Flashcards

Antiprotozoal/Antihelmintic Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Amebiasis?

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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2
Q

Name the two forms of Amebiasis: Entamoeba Histolytica

A
  1. cysts: infective form
  2. Trophozoites: invade and replicate in tissues
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3
Q

Name two forms of Giardiasis

A
  1. cysts
  2. trophozoites
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4
Q

What is Trichomoniasis

A
  • urogenital parasite
  • sexually transmitted
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5
Q

How does Trichomoniasis present in men and women

A
  • men: asymptomatic
  • women: vaginitis and frothy yellow discharge
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6
Q

Toxoplasmosis is most common in what animal population

A

cats

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7
Q

What is Pneumocystosis

A
  • yeast-like fungus
  • major cause of death in AIDS patients
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8
Q

DOC: Entamoeba Histolytica

A
  • Metronidazole (flagyl) + luminal amebicide
  • ***can use just luminal amebicide if liver is not invaded (asymptomatic patient)
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9
Q

DOC: Giardia lamblia

A

Metronidazole (flagyl)

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10
Q

DOC: Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (flagyl)

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11
Q

DOC Toxoplasma gondii

A
  • Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine + folinic acid
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12
Q

DOC: Pneumocystis Jirovecii (Pneuocystis carinii)

A

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole + Folinic acid

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13
Q

Treatment options for Tissue Amebicides in E. histolytica, G. lamblia and T. vaginalis

A
  • **Metronidazole
  • Tinidazole
  • Emetine and dehydroemitine
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14
Q

Treatment options for Luminal Amebicides in E. histolytica, G. lamblia and T. vaginalis

A
  • Iodoquinol
  • Paromomycin
  • Tetracycline & Erythromycin
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15
Q

MOA of metronidazole

A
  • fragment DNA
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16
Q

adverse reaction of metronidazole

A
  • metallic taste
  • Disulfimam-like reaction if taken with alcohol
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17
Q

MOA: Tinidazole

A

fragments DNA

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18
Q

Use of Emetine and Dehydroemetine

A

alternative to metroniadozole for severe intestinal or systemic E. histolytica infections

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19
Q

route of administration of Emetine and Dehydroemetine

A

SC or IM injection

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20
Q

toxicity of Emetine and Dehydroemetine

A
  • cardiotoxicity
  • serious GI effects
  • Teratogenicity
21
Q

Use of Iodoquinol

A

effective against luminal trophozoites (asymptomatic) and cysts of E. histolytica

22
Q

toxicities of Iodoquinol

A

rare

  • thyroid enlargement
  • optic neuritis, optic atrophy
23
Q

Class of Paromomycin and route of administration

A
  • aminoglycoside
  • oral
24
Q

use of Paromomycin

A
  • luminal amebicide
  • effective for asymptomatic amebiasis, giardiasis, and T. vaginalis
25
Q

Use of tetracycline and erythromycin

A
  • alternative drugs for treatment of amebiasis and giardiasis
  • used in conjunction with metronidazole
26
Q

Use of Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

A
  • DOC: pneumocystosis
  • useful against toxoplasmosis but not DOC
27
Q

MOA: Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (bactrim)

A

inhibits folate metabolism

28
Q

MOA: Pentamidine

A

inhibit DNA replication

29
Q

Use of Pentamidine

A

effective against P. jirovecii; usually reserved for use in patients who don’t tolerate Bactrim

30
Q

toxicity of Pentamidine

A
  • Hypotension
  • Arrhythmia
  • Hypoglycemia
31
Q

What are roundworms

A

Nematodes

32
Q

What are tapeworms

A

cestodes

33
Q

What are trematodes and blood flukes

A

shistosomes

34
Q

What are the 4 classes of roundworms (Nematodes)

A
  1. ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)
  2. enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
  3. Necator americanus (hookworm)
  4. Trichinella spiralis (Trichinosis)
35
Q

Therapy for Nematodes (roundworms)

A
  • Pyrantel pamoate (antiminth)
  • Ivermectin (Mectizan)
36
Q

route of administration of Pyrantel pamoate (antiminth)

A

oral

37
Q

coverage of Pyrantel pamoate (antiminth)

A
  • broad spectrum agaent effect against a variety of nematodes
38
Q

MOA of Pyrantel pamoate (antiminth)

A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor
  • produces depolarizing neuromuscular blockade in the worm
39
Q

route of administration of Ivermectin

A

oral

40
Q

DOC: filaria infestation

A

Ivermectin

41
Q

MOA: Ivermectin

A
  • paralyzes the parasite; intensifies GABA-mediated trasmission of signals in peripheral nerves
42
Q

DOC for cestodes (tapeworms)

A

Praziquantel

43
Q

route of administration of Praziquantel

A

oral

44
Q

MOA Praziquantel

A
  • increases worm’s permeability to Ca2+, resulting in contraction and paralysis of muscles, dislodgement and death
45
Q

therapy options for Trematodes (Flukes)

A
  • Praziqunatel
  • Bithionol
46
Q

route of administration of Bithionol

A

oral

47
Q

MOA Bithionol

A

uncouples oxidative phosphorylation

48
Q

DOC: sheep liver flukes

A

Bithionol

49
Q

Use of Bithionol

A

active against liver and lung fluke

pharm exam 3 (7 decks)

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