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Pharmacology Exam 2 > Immunopharmacology > Flashcards

Immunopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What does immunopharmacology (IP) focus on?

A

Primary and secondary disorders of the immune system and production of modulators of the immune system

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2
Q

What two types of drugs pertain to IP?

A

Immunosuppressants and immunostimulants

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3
Q

Two kinds of immune reactions?

A

Natural (nonspecific) and specific (memory based)

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4
Q

Nonspecific immune response involves what?

A

Natural killer

Monocyte/polymorphonuclear

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5
Q

Specific immune response involves what?

A

Lymphocytes

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6
Q

Where are lymphocytes produced?

A

Bone marrow and thymus

Lymph nodes and spleen

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7
Q

B-lymphocytes mediate which system?

A

Humoral

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8
Q

T-lymphocytes mediate which system?

A

Cell based immune system

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9
Q

What do T-helper cells do?

A

Coordination of immune response

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10
Q

Cytotoxic T-cells do what?

A

Removing virus infected cells from body

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11
Q

Suppressor T-cells do what?

A

Temper the immune response when it gets overactive

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12
Q

Hyperactive T-cell response does what? Hypoactive

A

Induces autoimmune response

Immune suppression and incompetence

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13
Q

How long does primary immune response take?

A

8 to 14 days

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14
Q

How do basophils work?

A

Bind IgE and release histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, heparin, and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis

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15
Q

When will best results of immunosuppression be?

A

When treatment is begun before exposure to the antigen

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16
Q

Acute rejection is defined as what?

A

Rejection that occurs 24 hours to several weeks following organ transplantation

17
Q

What controls acute rejection?

A

T-cells and cytokine

18
Q

How do Adrenocortical steroids work?

A

Inhibit IL-2 gene transcription which is required for clonal expansion of B and T-cells

19
Q

Danger of Adrenocortical steroids?

A

Long term use gets you increased risk of infection, ulcers, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis

20
Q

What are the alkylating agents?

A

Cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide

21
Q

Inhibitor of de novo purine synthesis?

A

Cytotoxic drug azathioprine

22
Q

Second generation of inhibitors of de nova purine synthesis?

A

Mycophenolate mofetil

Methotrexate

23
Q

How do de novo inhibitors work?

A

Block or interfere with DNA/RNA synthesis and function and prevent clonal expansion of B and T-cells

24
Q

Inhibitors of de novo pyrimidine synthesis work by?

A

Inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, key enzyme for pyrimidine

25
Q

How do kinases and phosphatase inhibitors work

A

Block T-cell signaling pathways that stimulate IL-2 production

26
Q

What is IL-2 used for?

A

Clonal expansion of B and T-Cells

27
Q

Cyclosporin is lumped into what group of drugs/

A

Kinases and phosphatases group

28
Q

Where does Cyclosporin concentrate?

A

Red and white blood cells

Metabolized by liver

29
Q

When is cyclosporin given?

A

4-24 hours prior to transplant

30
Q

Limiting factor surrounding Cyclosporin?

A

Renal toxicity

31
Q

How does Cyclosporin work?

A

Associates with calcineurin and inhibits phosphatase activity. Blocks JNK and p38 signaling induced by antigen recognition

32
Q

Tacrolimus inhibits how?

A

Associates with calcineurin and inhibits phosphatase. Same as Cyclosporin

33
Q

Difference of Tacrolimus and Cyclo?

A

Tacro: Not as widely distributed, 100 times more potent, used in patients not responding to cyclo

34
Q

How does Sirolimus work?

A

Inhibits calcineurin by binding FKBP12

35
Q

How do you improve Sirolimus?

A

Combine with cyclo

36
Q

How do anti lymphocyte globulins work

A

Bind to lymphocyte surface proteins to inhibit acute graft rejection

Pharmacology Exam 2 (9 decks)

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