Immunopathology I Flashcards
What is type I hypersensitivity?
Caused by TH2 cells, IgE antibodies and mast cells.
Think of allergic reactions.
What is type II hypersensitivity?
Antibody mediated damage due to secreted IgG and IgM antibodies causing damage and phagocytosis.
What is type III hypersensitivity?
Immune complex mediated disorders with IgG and IgM antibodies bound to antigens causing problems.
What is type IV hypersensitivity?
Cell mediated immune disorders sensitized T lymphocytes TH1 and TH17 are cause of injury.
What type of hypersensitivity is Systemic lupus erythematosus?
Type III forming immune complex mediated attack with nuclear antigens.
Rheumatoid arthritis is what type of hypersensitivity disease?
Rheumatoid arthritis is a form of type IV hypersensitivity.
Hyperacute kidney rejection is a result of what type of reaction?
Type III hypersensitivity due to previously primed immune response leading to fibrinoid necrosis and thrombosis.
Acute cellular rejection of the kidney is a result of what?
Mixed cellular response following loss of immunosupressents or days-months post transplant.
Acute humoral response shows what symptoms?
Necrotizing vasculitis with intimal thickening due to an accumulation of macrophage foam cells and monocytes.
Chronic rejection of an organ is marked by what morphological problems?
Vascular changes
Interstitial fibrosis
Tubular atrophy
Chronic inflammation
what is the typical morphology of an acute cellular rejections?
Lymphocytic infiltrates and tubular necrosis.
What is the triad of features seen in acute liver rejection?
Portal tract inflamamtion
Bile duct epithelial damage
Endothelitis of portal vein and hepatic artery branches.
Cyclosporine, steroids, and azathioprine are all examples of what?
Types of drugs used to immunosupress the patient.
How does cyclosporine work?
Blocks nuclear factor of activated T cells, this is necessary for IL-2 stimulation of T cells.
How does azathioprine work?
Inhibits DNA synthesis.
