Immunopathology

Question 1

Hypersensitivity reaction type 2

Answer 1

Hypersensitivity reaction that is ab-ag mediated (CITOTOXIC)

• directed against specific receptor/tissues
• involved in autoimmunity
• hemolytic anemia, graves, SLE.

Question 2

Hypersensitivity reaction type 3

Answer 2

Hypersensitivity reaction of immune complexes.

• they accumulate in tissues, calling neutrophils: tissue damage
• serum sickness and Arthus reaction.
• SLE, RA, glomerulonephritis

Question 3

Hypersensitivity reaction type 4

Answer 3

Hypersensitivity reaction cell-mediated

• t-cells call basophils. No ab involved
• 4 T’s: T cells, transplants, TB skin tests and touching (contact dermatitis)

Question 4

Serum sickness

Answer 4

Disease caused by ab formation (takes few days) against foreign proteins. Commonly caused by drugs. Involved in hypersensitivity reaction type 3.

Question 5

Arthus reaction

Answer 5

Type of Hypersensitivity reaction type 3, caused by subcutaneous antigen injection that produces inflammation, necrosis and vasculitis of the area. It can be produced by vaccines like tetanus or diphtheria.

Question 6

Direct Coombs

Answer 6

Laboratory test that measures antibodies already bound to red blood cells, commonly found in newborns that are rh+ from mothers that are rh-.

Question 7

Indirect Coombs

Answer 7

Test that measure circulating ab that CAN potentially bind to ag, found in blood of rh- mothers.

Question 8

mnemonics for Hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 8

A: atopy and anaphylaxis (1)
C: cytotoxic (2)
I: immune complex (3)
D: delayed (4)

Question 9

SLE nephropathy

Answer 9

1: normal
2: mesangial lupus nephritis
3: focal proliferative GN
4: diffuse proliferative GN
5: membranous GN

Question 10

Antibodies involved in Sjogren

Answer 10

Anti RO and anti La

Question 11

Ab involving scleroderma ( diffuse and local)

Answer 11

Diffuse: scl 70
Local: anticentromere

Question 12

Organs involved in diffuse scleroderma

Answer 12

Skin involvement
Heart
Lungs
Kidney
Esophagus 
They are affected EARLY in this autoimmune disease

Question 13

CREST, what is it about, what disease has it?

Answer 13

From local scleroderma: skin involvement in face and hands, organ involvement late in the disease.
C: calcinosis 
R: reynaud
E: esophagus
S: sclerodactily
T: telangiectasia

Question 14

Ab in dermatomyositis/ polymyositis

Answer 14

ANA + diseases characterized by immune-mediated muscle damage.

Question 15

Mixed connective tissue disease (3diseases mixed)

Answer 15

Disease with features of SLE, scleroderma and polymyositis.

Antiribonucleoprotein ab +

Question 16

B cells immunodeficiencies (3diseases)

Answer 16

• bruton: x linked agammaglobulinemia, no B cells in Boys.
• IgA deficit: 5 As: asymptomatic, airway disease, autoimmune diseases, atopy, anaphylaxis.
• common variable immunodeficiency: altered B cells with susceptibility to bacteria, giardia, autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Question 17

Digeorge syndrome

Answer 17

T-cell immunity disease due to a gene deletion, no 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches-> no thymus or parathyroids.
Tetany, recurrent viral/fungal infections.
No PTH, hypocalcemia

Question 18

Hipersensitivity reaction type 1

Answer 18

• hypersensitivity reaction that is immediate
• modulated by IgE, that binds to ag, then activates basophils and mast cells.
• histamine, heparin, leukotriens.
• produce anaphylaxis, atopy, asthma.

Question 19

Type of secondary immunodeficiencies

Answer 19

Renal transplant:acute, hyperacute, chronic.
Chronic alcoholism
Dm2
AIDS

Question 20

Definition of AIDS

Answer 20

1) HIV + cd4

Question 21

AIDS DEFINING DISEASES

Answer 21

Hairy leukoplakia
Kaposi sarcoma
AIDS nephropathy
AIDS dementia
Wasting syndrome

Question 22

CD4 levels and disease related

Answer 22

700>: normal

200-500: TB, zoster, candida, Kaposi

Question 23

Receptors involved in HIV infection

Answer 23

Receptors involved in which infection?
Virus: cd40
Cell: cd120 and ccr5