immunonolgy new Flashcards
what is an external barrier ? give examples
physical pathogen barrier
mucus , skin, flushing of salivia ,tears etc
which feature of the stomach enables it to act as an external barrier
has pepsin which has digestive enzymes
what 2 systems make up the immune system
innate and adaptive system
what are the main differences between innate and adaptive immunity
innate is non specific , produces no memory cells and therefore fast
adaptive is highly specific, has memory cells and slower
what 3 components make up the innate system
phagocytes
complement
mast cells
are phagocytes non specific or specifc in their role?
non specifc - part of the innate system
what do monocytes transform into?
macrophages
state the size of macrophages and the role of macrophage
type of phagocyte which is larger that neutrophils so they engulf more
how do macrophages allow for a specifc immune response
they present antigens to the surface of the immune system (antigen presenting cells
Macrophages are indeed types of phagocytes, meaning they can engulf and digest foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular debris. This is a part of their nonspecific or innate immune response function. However, they also play a crucial role in the specific or adaptive immune response with their antigen presenting surfaces
what happens during phagocytosis when the microbe enters the cell?
forms phagosome which contains lysomomes which have digestive enzymes to kill the microbe
what is the name of the protein that digests bacteria cell wall?
lysosomes
what 2 cells make up the adaptive system
B and T lymphocytes
what Ig.. receptors do mast cells have
IgE receptors which are specifc to IgE antibodies
state two WBC that are involved in combatng parasitic infection
eosinophils and neutrophils
do all the WBC release histamine and help in parasitic infection
YES
basophils helps especially in this way
where do the production of T and B lymphocytes usually occur & where do they mature?
both produced in the bone marrow
B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow
T lymphocytes mature in the thymus
how do cytokines work
bind to specific receptors & produce a response
after maturation of T and B lymphocytes what is the outcome of each cell?
T cells- produce an extra receptor which is TCR
B cells- produce an extra receptor BCR
both receptors help detect pathogens
what is the lymphatic system made of ?
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic organs
what are the two categories of lymphatic organs ?
primary and secondary organs
state the 2 PRIMARY lymphatic organs and the 2 SECONDARY lymphatic organs
primary - thymus and bone marrow
secondary -spleen & lymph node
what are the 2 types of T lymphocytes
CD4+ - T helper cells
CD8+ -cytotoxic T cells
what 2 receptors are found on cytotoxic T cells?
CD8+ receptor
TCR rececptor
what 2 receptors are found on T helper cells
CD4+
TCR
