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Immunology Tutors Review > Immunology Review > Flashcards

Immunology Review Flashcards

1
Q

When monocytes move from the systemic circulatory system into peripheral
tissues, what do they differentiate into?
a. T cell
b. Neutrophil
c. B cell
d. Macrophage

A

Macrophages

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2
Q

Which cells from the innate immune system do not perform phagocytosis?

a. Eosinophils
b. Neutrophils
c. Basophils
d. Macrophages

A

Basophils

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3
Q

Humoral immunity is a type of adaptive immunity that results in the circulation of
which of the following throughout the blood?
a. Antigens
b. Macrophages
c. NK cells
d. Antibodies

A

Antibodies

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4
Q

A hapten is:

a. An epitope.
b. A paratope.
c. A small chemical grouping bound to a larger carrier protein.
d. A carrier.
e. An immunogen.

A

A small chemical group bound to a larger carrier

Better answer: a small molecule which, when combined with a larger carrier such as a protein, can elicit the production of antibodies which bind specifically to it

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5
Q 
1. Which of the following is a property of the adaptive and innate immune
system?
a. Memory
b. Diversity
c. Contraction
d. Works rapidly
A

Contraction

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following most accurately describes clonal expansion of B cells?
    a. After exposure to an antigen, a specific B cell receives survival signals, all other B cells undergo apoptosis, leaving only one population in the lymph node
    b. After exposure to an antigen, increased number of B cells with identical specificity are generated
    c. After exposure to an antigen, increased number of B cells with different specificities are generated
    d. Before exposure to an antigen, increased number of B cells with different specificities are generated
A

After exposure to an antigen, increased number of B cells with identical specificity are generated

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7
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes clonal selection of B cells?

a. After exposure to an antigen, a specific B cell receives survival signals, all other B cells undergo apoptosis, leaving only one population in the lymph node
b. After exposure to an antigen, increased number of B cells with identical specificity are generated
c. After exposure to an antigen, increased number of B cells with different specificities are generated
d. Before exposure to an antigen, increased number of B cells with different specificities are generated

A

Before exposure to an antigen, increased number of B cells with different specificities are generated

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8
Q

A 55 yo male presents with elevated temperature, fatigue, and cough. The patient states that he began experiencing symptoms 24 hours ago. Which of the following cell types would you most likely see elevated in this patient?

a. IgG
b. Effector T cells
c. Neutrophils
d. Memory B cells

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

The white pulp of the spleen is predominantly comprised of?

a. Erythrocytes
b. CD4+ T cells
c. Progenitor B cells
d. Plasma cells

A

Plasma cells

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10
Q

Which cytokine is necessary for neutrophil recruitment?

a. CXCL10
b. CCL21
c. IL17
d. IL8

A

IL8

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11
Q

Selectins found on lymphocytes bind to what?

a. MHC-II
b. High endothelial vessels
c. Xialyl Lewis X bodies
d. Peripheral tissue endothelium

A

HEV

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12
Q

Which of these can be found on a leukocyte?

a. ICAM
b. LFA1
c. P-selectin
d. pNAD

A

LFA1- because this is an integrin and integrins are found on leukocytes

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13
Q

The paracortical area of a lymph node comprises mainly:

a. Follicular dendritic cells
b. Macrophages
c. B-cells
d. T-cells

A

T cells

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14
Q

Lymphocytes:

a. Enter the tissues and remain there for the rest of their life.
b. When mature are only found in secondary lymphoid organs.
c. Recirculate between blood and lymphoid tissues.
d. Are only educated in the thymus.

A

Recirculate between blood and lymphoid tissues

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15
Q

Which of the following molecular patterns is recognized by TLR 2 and 6?

a. Gram negative bacteria
b. Peptidoglycan
c. Gram positive bacteria
d. A and B
e. B and C

A

B and C- Peptidoglycanss and Gram + bacteria

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16
Q 
Which of the following receptors on dendritic cells is important in the recognition
of HMGB1?
a. CD91
b. MHCII
c. MHCI
d. RAGE
A

RAGE

17
Q 
One of the functions of IL12 is to enhance the production of which of the
following cytokines?
a. IL6
b. IL1
c. TNF-α
d. IFN-γ
A

IFN-γ

18
Q

Which cells produce IFN-γ?

A

NK cells as part of the innate immune system

CD4 Th1 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells

19
Q 
Which of the following cytokines is most efficient in inducing microbial killing of
pathogens?
a. IFN-γ
b. IL6
c. IL1
d. TNF-α
e. IL8
A

IFN-γ

20
Q

A 40 yo female presents to the clinic with lethargy and generalized fatigue. She has a 104 ° Fahrenheit temperature. The cytokine responsible for her increased temperatures is most likely secreted from which of the following cells?

a. T cell
b. B cell
c. Neutrophil
d. Macrophage
e. Hepatocyte

A

Macrophages, which release TNF and IL-1 that stilumate inflammation

21
Q

Describe the formation of MAC.

A

1) Upon C5 activation, resulting C5b molecule has the
binding site for C6
2) When C5b-C6 have formed C3b serves as an initial tether to anchor the molecule in place
3) When C7 binds it forms a transient anchor due to its
hydrophobic region [If C7 fails to interact with the
membrane, the complex at this point will inactivate by
self-aggregation or by the inhibitors: DAF or CR1]
4) When C8 binds it is responsible for inserting more deeply in the membrane allowing for a more permanent
attachment

22
Q

The function of the classical pathway is which of the following?

a. Recognize specific patterns on pathogens
b. Facilitate destruction of pathogens
c. Promote inflammation
d. A and C
e. B and C

A

B and C- Facilitate destruction of pathogens and promote inflammation

23
Q

What is the main function of C3b?

a. Inflammation
b. Pore formation
c. Opsonization
d. Neutralization

A

Opsonization

24
Q

Which of the following is a function of CR1?

a. Phagocytosis
b. Opsonization
c. Neutralization
d. Complement activation

A

Phagocytosis

*Complement receptor type 1 (CR1) also known as C3b/C4b receptor or CD35

25
Q

Which of the following can initiate the classical complement pathway?

a. Lectin
b. IL6
c. IL8
d. IL10

A

IL6

26
Q

Which of the following is a key function of Type I IFN?

a. Increase MHCII expression
b. Increase MHCI expression
c. Induce apoptosis
d. Promote inflammation

A

Increase MHCI expression

27
Q

A 24 yo female presents coughing, weight loss, chest pain, fever, and night sweats. She has been unable to clear her current infection and is concerned because her symptoms have been persistent for almost 2 weeks. Which of the following is most likely causing her prolonged infectious symptoms?

a. Lack of thyroid gland
b. Catalase positive strain of bacteria
c. Overproduction of IL10
d. Lung Infarction

A

Catalase positive strain of bacteria

28
Q

The first immunoglobulin heavy chain class to be expressed on the surface of a newly produced B-cell is:

a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgG
e. IgM

A

IgM

29
Q

A B-cell is able to make cell-surface and secreted versions of antibody using:

a. Different gene pools.
b. Differential splicing.
c. Different heavy chain class but the same light chain.
d. Different light chain class but the same heavy chain.
e. F(ab’)2 fragments.

A

Don’t know the answer

But I think it is different gene pools

30
Q

The basic Ig unit is composed of:

a. 2 identical heavy and 2 identical light chains.
b. 2 identical heavy and 2 different light chains.
c. 2 different heavy and 2 identical light chains.
d. 2 different heavy and 2 different light chains.
e. Non-covalently bound polypeptide chains.

A

2 identical heavy and 2 identical light chains.

31
Q

A Fab fragment:

a. Is produced by pepsin treatment.
b. Is produced by separation of heavy and light chains.
c. Binds antigen.
d. Lacks light chains.
e. Has no interchain disulfide bonds.

A

Binds antigen

32
Q

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to IgG?:

a. Appears early in the primary immune response.
b. Neutralizes bacterial toxins.
c. Can fix complement.
d. Crosses the human placenta.
e. Opsonizes bacteria.

A

Appears early in the primary immune response.

33
Q

IgD:

a. Is pentameric.
b. Is resistant to proteolytic degradation.
c. Is present mainly as a surface receptor on B-cells.
d. Is present with unusual frequency in myelomas.
e. Is abundant in milk

A

Is present mainly as a surface receptor on B-cells.

34
Q

Which of the following cell types can load peptides into MHCII?

a. Neutrophils
b. Dendritic cells
c. CD4+ T cells
d. CD8+ T cells

A

Dendritic cells

35
Q

After interaction with MHC1, which of the following is most likely to occur?

a. CD8+ CTL killing
b. Naive T cell differentiation
c. Complement activation
d. CD4+ TH1 cell release of IFN-γ

A

CD8+ CTL killing

36
Q

Which of the following is true regarding MHC expression?

a. Maternal dominant expression
b. Dependent on ag exposure
c. Paternal dominant expression
d. Codominant expression

A

Codominant expression

37
Q

Which of the following describes transport of peptides for loading onto MHC1?

a. Passive diffusion of pathogen into ER for processing
b. Proteolytic cleavage ultimately resulting in expression of one peptide onto MHC1
c. All peptides processed can only be loaded onto MHC1
d. TAP mediated transport of peptides into the ER

A

TAP mediated transport of peptides into the ER

38
Q

Which of the following accurately describes MHCII?

a. Nonpolymorphic alpha and beta chain both responsible for Ag recognition
b. Nonpolymorphic B2 microglobulin
c. HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR gene encoded
d. Nonpolymorphic alpha and beta chain capable of loading conformational peptides

A

HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR gene encoded

Immunology Tutors Review (9 decks)

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