Immunology & Physiology of Skin

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Sensory/mechano receptors in the skin:

Answer 3

Merkel receptor: disk shaped receptor located near the border between epidermis and dermis. Sensing and discriminating light touch and texture

Question 4

Review:

Answer 4

Question 5

Review

Answer 5

Question 6

Mechanoreceptors have ___ gland channels that allow positive ions to flow into the receptor, ____ the receptor, and if the signal is large enough, generates an __ __.

Answer 6

Stretch
Depolarize
Action potential

Question 7

Answer 7

B

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

A and C

Question 10

Answer 10

D

Question 11

Skin function:
Thermoregulation

Answer 11

Question 12

Exocrine gland table:

Answer 12

Question 13

Histology of glands:

Answer 13

Question 14

Eccrine sweat gland empties directly into skin surface and located all over the body.
Apocrine sweat glands empty into hair follicles. Located in armpits, groin, and nipples

Answer 14

Question 15

The gland produces ___ and the duct reabsorbs ___ through channels and transporters. Example is the ____ cl- channel.

Answer 15

Sweat
Ions
CFTR

Question 16

____ gland secretions change over the lifespan.

Answer 16

Sebaceous

Question 17

Sebaceous glands produce ___, which is an oil secretion of that moisturizes the skin and hair.

Answer 17

Sebum

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

B

Question 20

Answer 20

A

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Mechanism by which lipid soluble substances, such as some medications, can diffuse into the skin:

Answer 22

Question 23

Basic overview of how lipid-soluble substances can penetrate the skin:

Answer 23

Question 24

Lipids will also act as hydrophobic occlusive barriers to prevent water loss from the underlaying skin, the resulting increases hydration of the ___ ____ leads to increased ___.

Answer 24

Stratum corneum
Permeation

Question 25

___ ___ is a penetration enhancer. The polar head group interacts with the polar groups of the __ __ lipids. The cis double bonds leads to a ___ in the chain, thus leading to increased ___.

Answer 25

Oleic acid
Stratum corneum
Kink
Fluidity

Question 26

Review ointment versus cream

Answer 26

Question 27

The ____ determines if the body temperature is normal too high or too cold. It activates involuntary ___ such as blood vessels, sweat, glands, or a skeletal muscles (shivering).

Answer 27

Hypothalamus
Effectors

Question 28

The ____ permits voluntary behaviors to keep warm such as putting on a sweater or turning on a fan

Answer 28

Cortex

Question 29

Thermoregulation is ____ feedback.

Answer 29

Negative

Question 30

3 zones of a burn

Answer 30

Question 31

Burn depth:

Answer 31

Question 32

Picture of burn depths:

Answer 32

Question 33

Picture of burn depth:

Answer 33

Question 34

The rule of nines is used to assess proportion of the total body surface area, affected by burns, and to help guide immediate treatment decisions:

Answer 34

Question 35

Widespread burns causes ____ consequences such as ____ shock.
Other types of shock not related to burns.

Answer 35

Systemic
Hypovolemic

Question 36

Type of shock table:

Answer 36

Question 37

Hypovolemic shock and disruptive shock

Answer 37

Question 38

Extensive burns can lead to an inflammatory response throughout the body, which can result in __ ___, which causes the blood vessels to dilate and become leaky, leading to a drop in blood pressure and reduce blood flow to the organs

Answer 38

Distributive shock

Question 39

Answer 39

E. Dermis

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43

A

Question 44

Answer 44

D

Question 45

Answer 45

A

Question 46

Answer 46

C

Question 47

Answer 47

D

Question 48

Answer 48

D. Third degree burn, effects the full thickness of the dermis

Question 49

Answer 49