Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Immunology > Immunology lecture 5- CD4 T cells master controllers of the immune system > Flashcards

Immunology lecture 5- CD4 T cells master controllers of the immune system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the unconventional T cells?

A

Intraepithelial
lymphocytes (IELs)

NKT cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the conventional T cells

A

CD4 helper

CD8 Cytotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to CD4 T helper cells during HIV infection

A

They are progressively lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens when a T cell recognises a correct peptide plus MHC? Which cytokine drives this?

A

Clonal expansion over many days.

This is driven by the cytokine Interleukin 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of interlukin 2 in clonal expansion of CD4 T cells?

A

It is secreted by the T cells and it acts on the CD4 T cells (autocrine) to enable clonal expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to CD4 T cells once activated?

A

They differentiate into different types of effector T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two main types of effector T cells? What do they do?

A

TH1 and TH2

They make cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List cytokines made by TH1 effector T cells

A

IFN-g

TNFa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List cytokines made by TH2 effector T cells

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of immunuty does Th1 induce?

A

Cell-mediated
Immunity
(i.e. intracellular pathogens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of immunuty does Th2 induce?

A

Humoral Immunity

i.e. extracellular pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which immune cell does Th1 help? How does it help it?

A

Macrophages

Through secreting IFN-g it activates the macrophages to kill the viruses and bacteria is has engulfed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in the case of TB infection?

A

IFN-g released from Th1- stimulates macrophages- macrophages can’t kill TB well- produces Caseating granulomas, walls off the infected macrophages and bacteria. Th1 cells guard the site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Caseating granulomas

A

Occurs in lungs

Walling off of infected lung tissue and macrohages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which immune cell does Th2 help? How does it help it?

A

Helps B cells to make antibodies.
Dendritic cells present antigen on MHC class 2 molecule.
CD4 sees this via TCR, binds and becomes activated.
B cell present antigen from the same pathogen on its own MHC class 2 molecule. T cell recognises this and binds to B cell.
T cell releases cytokines- (IL.4,5,13).
This causes B cell to be activated and class switch if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does IL-4 help B cells class switch to?

17
Q

How do T cells develop into Th1 and Th2 cells?

A

They start off as Th0 and then cytokines cause them to switch into Th1 AND Th2

18
Q

Which cytokine cause Th0 to become Th2?

19
Q

Which cytokine cause Th0 to become Th1?

A

IL-12/IL-23

20
Q

Which other immune cell makes IL4?

A

Mast cells

21
Q

Function of mast cells

A

Binds to IgE, Releases histamines when activated. Responsible for anaphylatic shock. Parasitic worms

22
Q

Which immune cell makes IL-12 and IL-23 to cause Th1 production?

A

Dendritic cells which have interacted with intracellular bacteria and viruses

23
Q

What are the two main types of leprosy?

A

Tuberculoid leprosy

Lepromatous leprosy

24
Q

Which type of T helper responce is dominant in Tuberculoid leprosy? Describe the immune response

A

Th1
Cytokines: IFN-g
Activated Macrophages
Low Numbers of Organisms (limited disease)

25
Q

Which type of T helper responce is dominant in Lepromatous Leprosy
? Describe the immune response

A 
Th2
Cytokines:  IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
Hyperglobulinemia
High Numbers of Organisms
Disseminated disease
(immune response ineffective)
26
Q

Which type of T helper response is dominant in Lepromatous TB?

A

Th1 dominant

Limited Disease

27
Q

Which type of T helper response is dominant in Miliary TB?

A

Th2 dominant
Disseminated
Disease

28
Q

How to T cells cause allergies?

A

CD4 T cells produce Th2
Th2 leads to IL-4 production
This leads to IgE production which causes allergies

29
Q

What type of hypersensitivity does allergies fall under?

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

30
Q

What is hypersensitivity 1?

A

IgE mediated allergy

31
Q

Give 2 examples of type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Eczema

Rhinitis

32
Q 
CD4 Th1 cells what is the 
1. Transcription 
factor?
2. Cytokines it produces?
3. Type of immunity it activates
A
  1. T beta
  2. IFN-g, TNFa
    3.Cell-mediated
    Immunity: Defence against intracellular
    pathogens
33
Q 
CD4 Th2 cells what is the 
1. Transcription 
factor?
2. Cytokines it produces?
3. Type of immunity it activates
A
  1. GATA-3
  2. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
  3. Humoral
    Immunity Defence against parasitic worms
    (allergies)
34
Q 
CD4 Th17 cells what is the 
1. Transcription 
factor?
2. Cytokines it produces?
3. Type of immunity it activates
A
  1. RORyt -y = gamma
  2. IL-17,IL-22
  3. Defence against
    extracellular bacteria
    (involved in autoimmunity)- promotes inflammation
35
Q 
CD4 T-Reg cells what is the 
1. Transcription 
factor?
2. Cytokines it produces?
3. Type of immunity it activates
A
  1. Foxp3
  2. TGF beta, IL10
  3. Immunosuppression
    (involved in autoimmunity,
    cancer)
36
Q

Which immune cells have the capacity to become memory cells?

A

Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
B cells

37
Q

Purpose of memory cells?

A

Stored” for rapid
deployment if infection
re-occurs

38
Q

Describe the concept of Immunological Memory

A

the ability of
the immune system to respond
QUICKER and BETTER to pathogens
that have been encountered previously

Immunology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions