Immunology - Inflammation and Wound Healing

Question 1

Acute inflammation onset? Chronic onset?

Answer 1

Acute: Fast - Minutes or hours
Chronic: Slow - days

Question 2

What cells are associated with acute inflammation?

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

What cells are associated with chronic inflammation?

Answer 3

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 4

What stimulates inflammation?

Answer 4

infection
tissue necrosis
foreign bodies
immune reactions

Question 5

What are the major components of acute inflammation?

Answer 5

Dilation
Permeability
leukocyte emigration

Question 6

What produces arachidonic acid?

Answer 6

Cell membrane phospholipids

Question 7

What does arachidonic acid create when broken down?

Answer 7

A potent inflammatory response

Question 8

What do many anti inflammatory drugs stop?

Answer 8

breakdown of arachidonic acid

Question 9

What substances induce fever?

Answer 9

Pyrogens

Question 10

How do pyrogens change the body temp?

Answer 10

They instruct cells of the hypothalamus to reset the body’s core temp

Question 11

What controls the body temperature in the body?

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

What is pus mainly composed of?

Answer 12

Neutrophils, most commonly caused by pyogenic bacteria

Question 13

Define abscess

Answer 13

Localized collection of pus buried in a tissue

Question 14

Define draining sinus tract

Answer 14

Movement of an abscess through the path of least resistance to the external environment

Question 15

Define fistula

Answer 15

A passage between two body cavities

Question 16

In dentistry, which is the more appropriate description, draining sinus tract or fistula?

Answer 16

Draining sinus tract

Fistula describes more of GI and intestinal conditions

Question 17

Define ulcer

Answer 17

Defect or break in the surface of an organ

Question 18

Are ulcers acute or chronic?

Answer 18

Can be either

Question 19

What predominates during the first 6-24 hours of an inflammatory response

Answer 19

Neutrophils, they undergo apoptosis within 24-48 hours then get cleaned up by macrophages

Question 20

3 main settings acute inflammation transitions to chronic inflammation

Answer 20

1. Persistent infxs (tb, granulomatous inflammation)
2. Hypersensitivity diseases
3. Prolonged exposure to toxic agents

Question 21

Define granulomatous inflammation

Answer 21

form of chronic inflammmation characterized by formation of giant cells that make up granulomas

Question 22

What are giant cells?

Answer 22

Macrophages that have fused together

Question 23

Describe granulation tissue

Answer 23

new tissue that is pink/red in color and composed of fibroblasts (fibrosis) and small blood vessels (angiogenesis) that fill an open wound when it starts to heal
-infiltration w lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages

Question 24

Regeneration of residual (uninjured cells)

Answer 24

Epithelial cells and liver cells have the ability to divide quickly and regenerate

Question 25

Deposition of connective tissue to form a scar

Answer 25

Fibrous connective tissue placed at site out wound providing structural stability and cover

Question 26

Define fibrosis

Answer 26

Deposition of collagen in the setting of chronic inflammation

Question 27

What does fibrosis in the liver progress to?

Answer 27

Cirrhosis

Question 28

Primary intention healing

Answer 28

Heal by regeneration w minimal scarring - well opposed surgical incisions

Question 29

Secondary intention healing

Answer 29

Larger wounds that heal w scarring and regeneration

Question 30

What are a few reasons why healing would be hindered in dentistry?

Answer 30

Infection Diabetes Foreign bodies

Question 31

Define what a keloid is

Answer 31

Excessive deposition of collagen, normally from thermal or traumatic injury. Scar tissue grows beyond original wound and does not regress.