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BSC > Immunology - Adaptive Immune System > Flashcards

Immunology - Adaptive Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of adaptive immunity?

A

Cell mediated
Humoral

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2
Q

cell mediated response

A

T cell response

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3
Q

Humoral response

A

Antibodies produced by B cells

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4
Q

Where is the memory stored in the adaptive IS

A

B cells

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5
Q

What are the main types of cells in adaptive immunity?

A

B cells (further mature to plasma cells)
Plasma cells
T cells

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6
Q

What are the primary cells of chronic inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes (plasma cells, B and T cells )

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7
Q

Where are B cells born? Mature?

A

Both Bone marrow

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8
Q

Where do B cells differentiate

A

Lymph nodes and MALT

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9
Q

3 examples of MALT

A

Tonsils
Peyer’s Patches
vermiform appendix

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10
Q

Describe plasma cell structure

A

Abundant cytoplasm
soccer ball or clock face nucleus

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11
Q

What is the main fxn of plasma cells

A

produce antibodies

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12
Q

Most abundant antibody? Rarest?

A

Abundant: IgG
Rare: IgD

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13
Q

What are antibodies molecularly classified as?

A

Glycoproteins

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14
Q

How many heavy chains and how many light chains are there on antibodies?

A

2 heavy, 2 light

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15
Q

What are two types of light chains? What ratio are they normally in?

A

kappa and lambda
60:40 K:L

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16
Q

What can a change in K:L ratio signal?

A

B cell lymphoma

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17
Q

What mediates hummoral immunity?

A

antibodies/immunoglobulins

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18
Q

What are the locations of antibodies?

A

membrane bound on the surf of B cells functioning as antigen receptors

secreted into a tissue or blood

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19
Q

What do antibodies activate?

A

complement system, phagocytosis, mast cells etc.

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20
Q

what do antibodies do to pathogens to help them become phagocytized?

A

opsonize them

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21
Q

Do antibodies directly kill pathogens?

A

No, they opsonize them for phagocytes

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22
Q

T/F antibodies target infected cells for lysis by T cells and cells of the innate immune system

A

True

23
Q

What is found in the serum?

A

antibodies and antigens

serum is the residual fluid when blood or plasma is collected

24
Q

Define serology

A

study of antibodies and their reactions with antigens

25
Q

What do we use serology to discover

A

antibody titers

26
Q

Define allotype

A

antibodies of two different individuals in the same species

27
Q

Define autotypes

A

antibodies from the same individuals

28
Q

Define isotype

A

constant region of a heavy chain on an antibody that tells you which type it is (G A M E D)

29
Q

Define idiotypes

A

Two different antibodies that both bind to the same antigen

30
Q

Define monoclonal antibodies

A

Collections of identical antibodies

31
Q

What antibody is most abundant in the saliva?

A

IgA

32
Q

where can IgA be found?

A

Mucosa of respiratory tract and GI
Breast milk

33
Q

Which antibody is a pentamer?

A

IgM

34
Q

What is the function of IgM

A

Activate complement sys.
naive B cell antigen receptor, starts process of teaching a B cell to make specific antibodies

35
Q

IgE functions

A

defend against helminthic parasites

36
Q

Which antibody is associated with immediate hypersensitivity (type 1)

A

IgE

37
Q

What is the function of IgD

A

Be a B cell receptor

38
Q

Where are T cells born? Mature?

A

Born: Bone marrow
Mature: Thymus

39
Q

CD4+ T cell

A

Helper T cell

40
Q

CD8+ T cell

A

Cytotoxic T cells

41
Q

What cells do CD4+ cells engage with

A

MHCII

42
Q

Functions of CD4+

A

Activate macrophages
induce inflammation
activate other T and B lymphocytes

43
Q

What APCs have MHCII

A

Macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells

44
Q

What cell is important with HIV/AIDS

A

CD4+

45
Q

What receptors do CD8+ T cells engage with?

A

MHC-I

46
Q

What are the functions of CD8 T cells

A

Killing infected cells via release with cytotoxic granules

47
Q

What happens with Lichen planus

A

CD8+ T cells go wrong – autoimmune condition causing destruction of oral mucosa

48
Q

What virus features make a vaccine less successful

A

Latency
Antigenic variation
Doesn’t interfere with host immune response

49
Q

What type of immunity do vaccines cause?

A

Artificial active immunity

50
Q

Describe live attenuated and inactivated pathogen vaccines

A

earliest, most common, most effective
elicits both humoral and cell-mediated responses

51
Q

Risk of live attenuated and inactivated pathogen vaccines

A

Deactivation of the virus given in the vaccine COULD cause the disease (ex. Polio)

52
Q

Describe live viral and recombinant virus vaccines

A

-recombinant viral proteins from the highest risk strains made in yeast and combined w an adjuvant (adjuvants- synthetic or microbial materials to help stimulate the immune system)

53
Q

How can one get artificial passive immunity

A

antibodies to pathogen transfered to recipient

ex. covid 19 antibodies were given to infected pt to lower viral load

BSC (3 decks)

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