Immunology: Danger Flashcards
What is danger?
Unexpected cell death due to change in pH, temp, cell membrane
Immune system knows to differentiate between apoptosis and necrosis
What are the “eat me” signals?
Phosphadtidyl serine (PS) binding macrophage to PS receptor
What are “dont eat me” signals?
CD47 binding SIRPIa on macrophage
What is phosphatidyl serine?
PS is a DAMP (damage associated molecular pattern)
What are pattern recognition patterns?
Recognise molecular patterns
Activate innate immune response
Expressed by leukocytes and parenchymal cells
What are induced innate responses?
Activation of cytokines
Bind to ligands and produces responses
What are PAMPs?
Pattern associated molecular patterns
LPS, viral RNA/DNA/a sugar
What are toll-like receptors?
Receptors that recognise specific patterns in pathogens
Located intracellular an extracellular
What are interferons?
Cytokines that are produced in response to viral infection
With dsRNA activating TLR3, trigger Protein Kinase R pathway
What happens when there is an interaction between TLR on our immune cells and structures on pathogens?
Trigger cascade of events to kill cells/apoptosis/phagocytosis/stop viral replication
What are NOD-like receptors?
Soluble proteins that sense infections that have succeeded in gaining access to the interior of a cell
TRUE OR FALSE: NOD-like receptors interact with TLR?
True: collaborate with TLRs for more potent immune response
What retinoic acid inducible like receptors (RLRs)?
Soluble pattern recognising receptors that reside in cytoplasm and sensors of viral infection
What are C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)?
Plasma membrane receptors on professional phagocytes
Promotes phagocytosis
Explain PRR signalling
Immune system has to decide what pathogen they are/when/where to give an appropriate immune response
Explain the NF-kB/Rel family
Family of signal-responsive transcription factors that mediate rapid response by altering protein synthesis
How is NF-kB/Rel family used in other settings?
Is a major anti-apoptopic facotr
What is the response to NFkB by innate immune cells
Macrophages: more phagocytosis, cytokine release
Dendritic cells: stop phagocytosis, upregulate chemokine receptors
