Immunology-Chapter 1 Flashcards
Kupfer cells and osteoclasts are examples of which of the following:
Dendritic cells, Mast cells, Macrophages, or monocyctes
Monocyctes
The size of the thymus is largest in which age group, newborn, 10 year old, 20 year old, 30 year old, or 60 year old?
10 year old
Where in the lymph node are B cells located, cortex(follicles), parafollicular cortex, medulla, or all of the above?
Follicles
True or False
Secondary(adaptive) immune response is more effective than primary (innate) immune response
True
____________ are large groups of chemical mediators(mostly proteins) that are important in the body’s defense against pathogens
Antibodies
Arrange the following cells to represent the different stages in the life history of lymphocytes in the correct order:
a. Memory Cells, b. Naïve cells, c. activated (effector) cells
b,c,a
Rearrange the following steps:
a. Differentiation, b. Proliferation, c. Antigen Recognition
c, b,a
Rearrange the following steps that are involved in adaptive immunity:
a. Contraction, b. Memory, c. activation, d. recognition phase, e. antigen elimination
Correct sequence is:
d, c, e, a, b
In the following illustration, Letter A refers to which type of lymphocyte?
B lymphocyte
Match the key terms to the appropriate statement:
a. diversity, b. memory, c. specialization, d. specificity, e. contraction and homeostasis, f. nonreactivity to self, g. clonal expansion
1. Ensure that distinct antigen elicit specific responses
2. Enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens
3. Leads to enhance responses to repeated exposure to the same antigens
4. Increases number of antigen-specific lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes
5. Generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes
6. Allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens
7. Prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens
- d
- a
- b
- g
- c
- f
Identify the following if they belong to the innate or adaptive immune system by placing I or A \_\_\_\_ Skin \_\_\_\_ T lymphocytes \_\_\_\_ B lymphocytes \_\_\_\_ NK cells
__I__ Skin
__A__ T lymphocytes
_A___ B lymphocytes
__I__ NK cells
Types of Immune Responses:
a. Natural active immune response
b. Induced active immune response
c. Natural passive immune response
d. Induced passive immune response
- A person receiving Rh antibody such as Rho Gam is an example of which type of immune response?______
- The presence of IgA and IgG in a new born is an example of which type of immune response? ______
- Receiving flu shot is an example of _____ immune response
- A person receiving Rh antibody such as Rho Gam is an example of which type of immune response?__b____
- The presence of IgA and IgG in a new born is an example of which type of immune response? __a____
- Receiving flu shot is an example of __b___ immune response
Antibodies recognize ______________________(intracellular? or extracellular?) antigens, whereas cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize antigens produced by _______________________(intracellular? or extracellular) microbes
Antibodies recognize _intracellular (intracellular? or extracellular?) antigens, whereas cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize antigens produced by ___extracellular(intracellular? or extracellular) microbes
B lymphocytes mature in this part of the body ___________whereas T lymphocytes mature in the _________________
B lymphocytes mature in this part of the body bone marrow_whereas T lymphocytes mature in the ___thymus
The generative or primary lymphoid organs are __________ and __________________
The generative or primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus
CTL stands for
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
_________________are called macrophages when they migrate to tissues
Monocyctes
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can be found I(o)n (Select all the answers that apply)
a. tissues, b. phagocytes, c. dendritic cells
b, c
Specify the location(S) of PRRs within the cell
Cell surface, cytoplasm, ER,
True or False. Correct if the statement is false. Innate immunity system is the first step in host defense capable of controlling and even eradicating infections.
True
True or False. Correct if the statement is false. Innate immune system instructs the adaptive immune system to respond to microbes
True
True or False. Correct if the statement is false. Innate immune system has the ability to recognize nonmicrobial antigens
False. Adaptive immune system has the ability to recognize nonmicrobial antigens
True or False. Correct if the statement is false. Innate immune system is capable of forming “memory” for future microbes to target upon entry into the body
False. Adaptive immune system is capable of forming “memory” for future microbes to target upon entry into the body
True or False. Correct if the statement is false. Complement system in the Innate immune system is activated by the classical pathway
True
True or False. Please correct if the statement is false. NK cells kill target cells expressing a few or no MHC class 1 molecules
True
True or False. Please correct if the statement is false. Histamine causes vasoconstriction during inflammation.
False. Histamine causes vasodilation during inflammation.
Name one cell in the innate immunity system that is a nonphagocytic barrier:__________
epithelia
Two most important transcription factors activated by TLR signals are _______ and _____
TNF
IL-1
___________________ is the process of coating microbes to facilitate recognition by phagocytes
Opsonization
Macrophages that have ingested microbes produce a cytokine called _______ which triggers NK cells to secrete ___ IFN-gamma
Findout
____Lysozyme __________ is a weak antibiotic secreted by the epithelial cells of the epidermis
sebum
Sebum has an ____________pH (acidic/alkaline) which helps destroy some microorganisms
Acidic
__________________________ cells release preformed cyctotoxic granules such as perforin and granzyme to kill abnormal cells
Findout
