Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Physiology > Immunity-Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Immunity-Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False. The plasma membrane antibodies that function as antigen receptors of B lymphocytes can recognize a much broader range of chemical structures than the antigen receptors of T cells

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the types of molecules that antigens for B lymphocytes recognize

A

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and small chemical groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of molecules are recognized by the antigens of T cell receptors?

A

Peptides displayed on APCs bound to membrane proteins encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genetic locus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe antigen receptor molecules

A

Antigen receptor molecules consists of regions(domains) involved in antigen recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the antigen recognizing domain called?

A

Variable 5 regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the conserved portions of the antigen receptor called?

A

Constant (C) regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are CDRs?

A

Complementarity-determining regions in the V region where variability is concentrated within short stretches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is BCR and TCR?

A

BCR- B cell receptorcomplex

TCR- T cell receptor `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many forms do antibodies exist in?

A

2 forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the differences between the 2 forms?

A

They are membrane bound antigen receptors on B cells or secreted proteins
TCRs exists only as membrane receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is another name for antibodies?

A

immunoglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define antibody

A

An antibody is Y- shaped molecule that is composed 4 polypeptide chains including 2 identical heavy (H) and two identical light (L) chains with each chain containing a variable and a constant region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Briefly describe the structure of the antibody

A

Made up of 4 chains; 2 heavy and 2 light chains. Each light chain is attached to a heavy chain and the heavy chains are attached to each other all by bisulfide bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the make up of the light and heavy chains

A

Light chain- made up of 1 V and 1 C domain

Heavy chain- made up of 1 V and 3 or 4 C domains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the antigen binding site?

A

The antigen binding site of the antibody is made up of the V regions of both heavy and light chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which forms of antigens are recognized by antibodies in B lymphocytes

A

Macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and small chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is antigen recognition mediated by in B cells?

A

Variable (V) regions of both heavy and light chains of membrane Ig

18
Q

Signaling functions are mediated by what in B cells?

A

Proteins(Iga and Igb) associated with Ig

19
Q

Effector functions are mediated by what?

A

Constant (C) regions of secreted Ig

20
Q

In T cell receptor (TCR), what forms of antigens are recognized?

A

Peptides displayed by MHC molecules on APC

21
Q

What form of peptides are recognized?

A

Linear peptides

22
Q

In TCR, antigen recognition is mediated by what?

A

Variable (V) regions of a and b chains

23
Q

In TCR, signaling functions are mediated by what?

A

Proteins (CD3 and zeta

24
Q

In TCR, effector functions are mediated by what?

A

TCR does not perform effector functions

25
Q

How many hypervariable regions does each heavy or light chain variable region has?

A

3 of which CDR3 has the most variability

26
Q

Where is CDR3 located?

A

The junction of V and C regions.

27
Q

What is special about the CDR3 region?

A

Because of its variability, the CDR3 portion of Ig molecule contributes most of antigen binding

28
Q

What is the FAB?

A

The Fab(Fragment, Antigen, binding) region of Ig is the whole fragment of a light chain that contains both C and V domains. Each Ig molecule has 2 identical Fab regions binds antigens

29
Q

What is Fc in Ig?

A

The heavy chain C domain make up Fc (Fragment, crystalline). This region tends to crystallize in solution. Each Ig molecule has 1 Fc region that is responsible for most of the biological activity and effector functions of the antibody.

30
Q

Where is the hinge in an Ig molecule and what is its function?

A

Between the Fab and Fc regions of most Ig molecules. The hinge allows the 2 antigen-binding Fab regions of each antibody molecule to move independently of each other thus allowing and enabling them to simultaneously bind antigen epitopes that are separated from one another by varying distance

31
Q

How is the Ig molecule anchored?

A

The C-terminal end of the heavy chain is anchored in the plasma membrane.

32
Q

True or False. Light chains of Ig are attached to cell membranes.

A

False. Light chains are not attached to cell membranes.

33
Q

How many types of light chains are there? Name them.

A
  1. kappa and Lamda. They differ in their C regions
34
Q

True or False. A B cell can express both kappa and lamda.

A

False. A B cell can only express either kappa or lamda but never both

35
Q

How many types of heavy chains are there? Name them

A
  1. mu, delta, gamma, epsilon, and alpha. They also differ in their C region.
36
Q

True or False. Each type of light chain may complex with any type of heavy chain.

A

True

37
Q

What are antibodies that have different heavy chains called?

A

Isotypes

38
Q

True or False. Antibodies are named according to their heavy chains regardless of the light chain class.

A

True

39
Q

True or False. The antigen receptors of naïve B lymphocytes that have not encountered antigen are membrane bound IgM and IgD.

A

True

40
Q

Discuss the major classes of antibodies

A

5 classes
IgA found in mucosal immunity-body fluids-breast milk, tears, saliva
IgD- membrane bound- expressed with IgM
IgE-Monomer-on MAST cells-allergy-histamine-defense against helminthic or worm-like parasites
IgG-Monomer-Most common-Opsonization, complement activation, antibody depended cell-mediated cytotoxicity, feedback inhibition of B cells
IgM- Pentamer-Snow-like-First to appear during development or evolution, naïve B cell antigen receptor, complement activation

41
Q

Define epitope

A

The parts of the antigen that are recognized by antibodies

Advanced Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions