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Y2 - Ophthalmology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What features of the eye’s immune protection are unique?

A

No physical barrier

Not many commensal bacteria

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2
Q

What are the physical features of the eye’s immune protection?

A

Blink reflex
Tears
Mucous layer

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3
Q

What are the chemical features of the eye’s immune protection?

A

Tears
Lysozyme
Complement

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4
Q

What are the immune cells in the eye?

A

Neutrophils
Macrophages
Conjunctival mast cells

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5
Q

What is the principle antigen presenting cell for the external eye?

A

Langerhans cells

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6
Q

Where are langerhans cells present and absent in the eye?

A

Abundant in corneo-scleral limbus
Less in peripheral cornea
Absent from central 1/3 of cornea

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7
Q

What is the only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage?

A

Conjunctiva

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8
Q

What type of tissue that is important for immune protection is present in the conjunctiva?

A

MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)

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9
Q

How do the cornea and sclera give immune protection?

A

As a tough collagen coat

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10
Q

Do the cornea and sclera have good immune protection - and why?

A 
No
Avascuar
No lymphatics or lymphoid tissue
Relative lack of APC
Langerhans cells only in peripheral cornea
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11
Q

What is the term that describes the lack of immune protection in the cornea and sclera (and other parts of the eye)?

A

Down regulated immune response

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12
Q

How does the lacrimal gland and drainage system contribute to immune protection?

A

More plasma cells and CD8+ T cells

Drainage system has MALT

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13
Q

What immune protection do the vitreous, choroid and retina have?

A

Blood-ocular barrier - tight barrier restricts movement of anything in and out of important components of the eye

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14
Q

What ares of the eye have a down regulated immune response?

A 
Cornea
Sclera
Vitreous
Choroid
Retina
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15
Q

What is immune privilege?

A

The ability of certain parts of the body to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory immune resoonse

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16
Q

Which sites in the eye have immune privilege?

A 
Cornea
Anterior chamber
Lens
Vitreous cavity
Subretinal space
17
Q

What is sympathetic ophthalmia?

A

Rare granulomatous uveitis in both eyes that occurs due to trauma or surgery to one eye

18
Q

In sympathetic ophthalmia what are the terms for each eye?

A

Injured eye is the exciting eye

Fellow eye is the sympathising eye

19
Q

How do you determine which is the exciting and sympathising eye in sympathetic opphthalmis?

A

Cant tell clinically - just from history

20
Q

What is an example of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction in the eye?

A

Acute allergic conjunctivitis

21
Q

What is an example of a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction in the eye?

A

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (autoimmune)

22
Q

What is an example of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction in the eye?

A

Autoimmune corneal melting

23
Q

What is an example of a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in the eye?

A

Corneal graft rejection

24
Q

What are some ocular side effects of steroids?

A

Cataracts

Glaucoma

Y2 - Ophthalmology (7 decks)

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