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pharmacy stage 2 > immunology > Flashcards

immunology Flashcards

1
Q

immune cells are made where

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

name of the process which makes immune cells

A

haematopoiesis

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3
Q

where do lymphocytes mature

A

thymus gland

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4
Q

mature lymphocytes migrate to where

A

lymph nodes

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5
Q

the spleen is part of what system

A

reticulo-endothelial system

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6
Q

what is the role of the spleen

A

filters blood

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7
Q

the liver is a site of what

A

antigen presentation

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8
Q

what can the liver synthesise

A

own cohort of phagocytes and lymphocytes including CRP

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9
Q

Name the 6 barriers of infection

A
  • intrinsic epithelial barrier
  • longtiduinal flow of air
  • movement of mucus by cilia
  • desquamation of skin and cells
  • natural acids
  • natural antibacterial peptides
  • normal bacterial flora
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10
Q

how do neutrophils work

A
  • phagocytosing inavding organisms and presenting antigens to the immune system
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11
Q

which cells are the first line of defence in all infections

A

neutrophils

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12
Q

neutrophils are a type of

A

granulocyte

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13
Q

which cells have segmented nuclei

A

neutrophils

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14
Q

which cells cytoplasms has pink/purple intracellular granules

A

neutrophils

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15
Q

which cells work against multicellular parasites

A

eosinophils

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16
Q

eosinophils are involved in I

A

IgE-mediated allergic disorders

17
Q

which cells have bilobed nuclei

A

eosinophils and basophils

18
Q

which cells have intracellular granules

A

eosinophils

19
Q

which cells stain brick red with eosin

A

eosniophils

20
Q

which cells have an important role in type 1 hypersensitivty reactions

A

basophils

21
Q

which cells have large dark staining intracellular granules

A

basophils

22
Q

tissue macrophasges express what when they reach target tissues

A

CD14 receptors

23
Q

Kupffer cells in the liver are a type of what

A

macrophage

24
Q

dendtric cells are most known for what

A

antigen presenting cells

25
Q

where are dendtric cells made

A

bone marrow

26
Q

name the 3 main type of lymphocytes

A

B cells
T cells
NK cells

27
Q

name B cell markers

A

CD19, CD20 CD21 MHCII

28
Q

T cells express what on their surfaces

A

CD3

29
Q

whcih cells facilitate the activation of the immune response and stimulate division and differentiation of various effector cells

A

helper T cells CD4

30
Q

which cells provide cell-mediated immunity by targeting and killing infected cells

A

cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

31
Q

which cells play a vital role in limiting the immune response to prevent excessive damage to tissues and organs

A

regulatory T cells (CD25 + FOXP3)

32
Q

which cells remember” what has happened to allow the immune system to mount a faster, more effective response

A

memory T cells (CD62 + CCR7)

33
Q

how do phagocytes recognise pathigens in inate cell response

A

pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). e.g. TLRs

34
Q

what is activated when phagocyte PRRs are exponsed to PAMPs

A

NFKB

35
Q

name the 3 pathwys which activate the complement system

A
  • classical path
  • mannose-bidning lectin path
  • alternative path
36
Q

name this path:

activated by antibody-antigen complexes (a.k.a immune complexes) on pathogen surfaces

A

classic path

37
Q

name this path:

activated by antibody-antigen complexes (a.k.a immune complexes) on pathogen surfaces

A

mannose-binding lectin path

38
Q

name this path: C3 reacts directly with pathogen surfaces

A

alternative path

39
Q

which complement enxyme is this: binds to and coats pathogens, making them easier for phagocytes to identify and ingest. This process is called opsonisation. It also binds to immune complexes to facilitate their removal by the spleen and triggers the production of terminal components including C5b.

A

C3b

pharmacy stage 2 (11 decks)

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