immunology

Question 1

immune cells are made where

Answer 1

bone marrow

Question 2

name of the process which makes immune cells

Answer 2

haematopoiesis

Question 3

where do lymphocytes mature

Answer 3

thymus gland

Question 4

mature lymphocytes migrate to where

Answer 4

lymph nodes

Question 5

the spleen is part of what system

Answer 5

reticulo-endothelial system

Question 6

what is the role of the spleen

Answer 6

filters blood

Question 7

the liver is a site of what

Answer 7

antigen presentation

Question 8

what can the liver synthesise

Answer 8

own cohort of phagocytes and lymphocytes including CRP

Question 9

Name the 6 barriers of infection

Answer 9

• intrinsic epithelial barrier
• longtiduinal flow of air
• movement of mucus by cilia
• desquamation of skin and cells
• natural acids
• natural antibacterial peptides
• normal bacterial flora

Question 10

how do neutrophils work

Answer 10

• phagocytosing inavding organisms and presenting antigens to the immune system

Question 11

which cells are the first line of defence in all infections

Answer 11

neutrophils

Question 12

neutrophils are a type of

Answer 12

granulocyte

Question 13

which cells have segmented nuclei

Answer 13

neutrophils

Question 14

which cells cytoplasms has pink/purple intracellular granules

Answer 14

neutrophils

Question 15

which cells work against multicellular parasites

Answer 15

eosinophils

Question 16

eosinophils are involved in I

Answer 16

IgE-mediated allergic disorders

Question 17

which cells have bilobed nuclei

Answer 17

eosinophils and basophils

Question 18

which cells have intracellular granules

Answer 18

eosinophils

Question 19

which cells stain brick red with eosin

Answer 19

eosniophils

Question 20

which cells have an important role in type 1 hypersensitivty reactions

Answer 20

basophils

Question 21

which cells have large dark staining intracellular granules

Answer 21

basophils

Question 22

tissue macrophasges express what when they reach target tissues

Answer 22

CD14 receptors

Question 23

Kupffer cells in the liver are a type of what

Answer 23

macrophage

Question 24

dendtric cells are most known for what

Answer 24

antigen presenting cells

Question 25

where are dendtric cells made

Answer 25

bone marrow

Question 26

name the 3 main type of lymphocytes

Answer 26

B cells T cells NK cells

Question 27

name B cell markers

Answer 27

CD19, CD20 CD21 MHCII

Question 28

T cells express what on their surfaces

Answer 28

CD3

Question 29

whcih cells facilitate the activation of the immune response and stimulate division and differentiation of various effector cells

Answer 29

helper T cells CD4

Question 30

which cells provide cell-mediated immunity by targeting and killing infected cells

Answer 30

cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

Question 31

which cells play a vital role in limiting the immune response to prevent excessive damage to tissues and organs

Answer 31

regulatory T cells (CD25 + FOXP3)

Question 32

which cells remember” what has happened to allow the immune system to mount a faster, more effective response

Answer 32

memory T cells (CD62 + CCR7)

Question 33

how do phagocytes recognise pathigens in inate cell response

Answer 33

pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). e.g. TLRs

Question 34

what is activated when phagocyte PRRs are exponsed to PAMPs

Answer 34

NFKB

Question 35

name the 3 pathwys which activate the complement system

Answer 35

- classical path - mannose-bidning lectin path - alternative path

Question 36

name this path: | activated by antibody-antigen complexes (a.k.a immune complexes) on pathogen surfaces

Answer 36

classic path

Question 37

name this path: | activated by antibody-antigen complexes (a.k.a immune complexes) on pathogen surfaces

Answer 37

mannose-binding lectin path

Question 38

name this path: C3 reacts directly with pathogen surfaces

Answer 38

alternative path

Question 39

which complement enxyme is this: binds to and coats pathogens, making them easier for phagocytes to identify and ingest. This process is called opsonisation. It also binds to immune complexes to facilitate their removal by the spleen and triggers the production of terminal components including C5b.

Answer 39

C3b