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Basic Physician's Training Monash > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A

IgE-mediated
Systemic or localised anaphylaxis
Hay fever, asthma, hives, eczema

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2
Q

What is a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

A

IgG-mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity
Antigens target cell surface for complement, etc
Blood transfusion reactions, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

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3
Q

What is a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
Ag-Ab complexes deposit and induce complement/inflammatory/neutrophil response
Necrotising vasculitis, GN, RA, SLE

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4
Q

What is a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
Th1 cells activate macrophages or Tc cells
Contact dermatitis, tubercular lesions, graft rejection,

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5
Q

What is the function of IL1?

A

Proliferation of activated T cells, B cells

Produced by macrophages and fibroblasts

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6
Q

What is the function of IL-2?

A

Produced by T cells
Growth of activated T cells, B cells
Activation of NK cells

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7
Q

What is the function of IL-3?

A

Mast cell growth
Differentiation of haematopoetic precursors
Produced by T cells, macrophages

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8
Q

What is the function of IL-4?

A 
Isotype switching (IgG to IgE)
Characterises th2 subset

Produced by T cell, mast cell

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9
Q

What is the function of IL-5?

A

IgM, IgA production, eosinophil and activated b cell proliferation

Produced by TH2 subset, mast cells

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10
Q

What is the function of IL-6?

A

Induction acute phase proteins
Differentiation of haematopoetic cells

Produced by macrophages, the, mast cells, fibroblasts

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11
Q

Name the 3 cytokines produced by macrophages

A

IL 1
IL 8
TNF alpha

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12
Q

What is the function of GM-CSF?

A

Colony growth, activates macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

Produced by macrophages, t cells, endothelium, mast cells

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13
Q

What is the function of TNF-a?

A

Activates macrophages, tumour cytotoxicity, cachexia

Produced by macrophages, T cells

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14
Q

What is the function of TNF-b?

A

Acute phase proteins
Anti viral/anti parasite activity
Activation of phagocytes
Induce pro inflammatory cytokines

Produced by CD4 T cells

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15
Q

What is the function of IFN-a?

A

Anti-viral
Upregulates MHC-1

Produced by leucocytes

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16
Q

What is the function of IFN-gamma?

A 
Anti-viral macrophage activation
Upregulates MHC
Stimulates CTL differentiation
Antagonises IL-4 effects
Characterises Th1 subset
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17
Q

Function of IL-1

A

Produced by macrophages

Acts on hypothalamus to change temperature

Local effect - vasodilatation - of vessels

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18
Q

Function of IL-8

A

Produced by macrophages

Recruitment of neutrophils

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19
Q

What is the function of TNF alpha in innate immunity?

A

Produced by macrophages
Locally causes vasodilatation and leaky blood vessels
Travels to the liver and induces release of acute phase proteins

20
Q

Predominant function of C3b?

A

Opsonisation of pathogens

21
Q

3 functions of complement

A
  1. Opsonisation
  2. Formation of MAC
  3. Recruitment of phagocytes
22
Q

CD3 is a receptor marker on which cell?

A

All T cells

23
Q

CD4 is a receptor marker on which cell?

A

Helper T cells

24
Q

CD8 is a receptor marker on which cell?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

25
Q

2 examples of super antigens

A

Staph aureus enterotoxin

Strep pyogenes exotoxin

26
Q

What do toll like receptors bind to?

A

PAMPs

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

27
Q

Role of IL-2

A

Proliferation of T cells

28
Q

Which chromosome are HLA molecules encoded for?

A

Chromosome 6

29
Q

Which co stimulatory molecule on T cells binds to CD80/CD86 on dendritic cells?

A

CD28

30
Q

Class II MHC molecules express which HLA types?

A

DR
DP
DQ

31
Q

Class I MHC molecules express which HLA types?

A

A
B
C

32
Q

Which types of cells are MHC Class II found?

A

Antigen presenting cells

33
Q

Which types of cells are MHC Class I found?

A

All nucleated cells

34
Q

Which molecule requires Beta-2 microglobulin for expression on the cell surface?

A

MHC Class I

35
Q

Which cytokines are produced by TH2 cells?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

36
Q

Which cytokines are produced by TH1 cells?

A

Interferon gamma

TNF alpha

37
Q

Which cytokines are produced by TH17 cells?

A

IL-17

IL-22

38
Q

TH1 cells are important in host defence against what?

A

Intracellular pathogens

39
Q

TH2 cells are important in host defence against what?

A

Helminth infections

40
Q

TH17 cells are important in host defence against what?

A

Extracellular bacteria

Fungi

41
Q

Which type of cell expresses CD4 and CD25?

A

Regulatory T cells

42
Q

Which cytokines are produced by regulatory T cells?

A

IL-10

TGF-beta

43
Q

Which immunoglobulins can bind complement via the classical pathway?

A

Ig-M

Ig-G3 > Ig-G1 > Ig-G2

44
Q

Which immunoglobulin forms a pentameric structure?

A

IgM

45
Q

Which immunoglobulin is present in secretions?

A

IgA

46
Q

What is Di George syndrome?

A

Lack of a thymus gland

No development of T cells

47
Q

What is Bare lymphocyte syndrome caused by?

A

MHC-II deficiency

Cannot activate CD4 T cells

Basic Physician's Training Monash (16 decks)

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