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Medical School > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

  1. Mechanism
  2. Example
A
  1. Allergic / IgE mediated

2. Allergic reaction

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2
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction

  1. Mechanism
  2. Examples (2)
A
  1. Cytotoxic / antibody dependent

2. Myaesthenia gravis, Goodpastures (anti-GBM)

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3
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

  1. Mechanism
  2. Examples (2)
A
  1. Immune complex (IgM/IgG)

2. Glomerulonephritis, vasculitis

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4
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

  1. Mechanism
  2. Example
A
  1. Delayed (T cell-mediated)

2. TB

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5
Q

Histamine release - how this causes shock

A

Capillary leak and oedema
Causes vasodilation
Loss of peripheral vascular resistance

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6
Q

Anaphylaxis

  1. Signs/symptoms
  2. Useful diagnostic test
  3. Acute management
A
  1. Stridor, increased respiratory effort, wheeze, cyanosis, tachycardia, skin reaction, angioedema
  2. Triptase
  3. ABCDE, remove precipitant, adrenaline IM 0.5mg, chlorphenamine, hydrocortisone, IV fluids, salbutamol nebuliser, alert anaesthetics
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7
Q

Lymphadenopathy

  1. Causes
  2. Malignant presentation
  3. Infective presentation
  4. Associated symptoms
  5. Blood tests
  6. Imaging (1st line / other)
  7. Other tests
A
  1. Malignancy (lymphoma / leukaemia), infective (TB/EBV), sarcoid, amyloid, RA
  2. Slow, painless
  3. Painful
  4. Splenomegaly, rash, arthralgia, B symptoms (fever, weight loss, night sweats)
  5. FBC, U+E, LFT, ESR, clotting, antibody screen, monospot (EBV), viral serology
  6. CXR 1st line, consider USS/CT
  7. FNA, excision biopsy, consider BM aspirate (haematological malignancy)
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8
Q

Pruritis

  1. Causes (BLINKED)
  2. Associated symptoms
  3. Examinations
  4. Blood tests
  5. Other tests
A
  1. Blood disease (IDA, polycythaemia), liver disease, infection/immune, neoplasm, kidney, endocrine (DM, low/high thyroid), dermatological/drugs
  2. Rash, jaundice, anaemia, lethargy, weight loss
  3. Full skin, abdominal, lymph nodes
  4. FBC, U+E, LFT, TFT, glucose
  5. Urine dip
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9
Q

Sarcoidosis

  1. Definition
  2. Features
A
  1. Multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by non-caseating granulomas
  2. Rash (lupus like), lymphadenopathy, swinging pyrexia, cough/SOB, high Ca2+, acute arthralgia
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Medical School (28 decks)

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