Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

KCU Comprehensive Exam > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Why do warm blooded, long lived animals require complex immune defenses?

A

infectious agents such as bacteria can divide rapidly in warm blooded creatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many bacteria are there in the world?

A

4-6x10^30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria

A

gram positive has a thick layer of peptidoglycan, while gram negative does not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the innate immune response

A 
rapid response (min to hrs)
limited variability of effector mechanisms 
nonspecific 
no memory (no maturation of repeated response)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the adaptive immune response

A

slow response (days to weeks)
B cells and T cells are highly selective
specific
memory, maturation of secondary response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

neutrophil morphology and effector function

A

polymorphonuclear, phagocytosis and digestion of microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

eosinophils morphology and effector function

A

polymorphonuclear, allergic reactions and defense against helminths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

basophils morphology and effector function

A

polymorphonuclear, allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mast cells morphology and effector function

A

polymorphonuclear, allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

monocytes morphology and effector function

A

mononuclear, circulating macrophage precursors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

macrophages morphology and effector function

A

mononuclear, phagocytosis and digestion of microbes, antigen presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does immune responses of the innate immune system provide natural immunity against microorganisms?

A

phagocytosis and intracellular killing
recruitment of other inflammatory cells
presentation of antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_________ include neutrophils, monocytes and tissue macrophages, eosinophils and natural killer (NK) cells which are _______

A

leukocytes, lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pattern recognition receptor of gram positive bacteria?

A

TLR2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pattern recognition receptor of gram negative bacteria?

A

TLR4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer ligand

A

lipopeptides, GPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer microorganism recognized

A

bacteria, parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer cells carrying receptor

A

monocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer cellular location of receptor

A

plamsa membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer ligands

A

lipoteichoic acid, zymosan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer microorganisms recognized

A

gram positive bacteria, yeasts (fungi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer cell carrying receptor

A

monocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer cellular location of receptors

A

plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

TLR3 ligand

A

double stranded viral RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
TLR3 microorganisms recognized
viruses
26
TLR3 cells carrying receptors
NK cells
27
TLR3 cellular location of receptor
endoscopes
28
TLR4: TLR4 heterodimer ligand
lipopolysaccharide
29
TLR4: TLR4 heterodimer microorganism recognized
gram negative bacteria
30
TLR4: TLR4 heterodimer cells carrying receptors
macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils
31
TLR4: TLR4 heterodimer cellular location of receptor
plasma membrane
32
TLR5 ligand
flagellin
33
TLR5 microorganisms recognized
motile bacteria having a flagellum
34
TLR5 cells carrying receptors
intestinal epithelium
35
TLR5 cellular location of receptor
plasma membrane
36
TLR7 ligand
single stranded viral RNAs
37
TLR7 microorganism recognized
viruses
38
TLR7 cells carrying receptor
plasmacytoid dendritic cells, NK cells, eosinophils, B cells
39
TLR7 cellular location of receptor
endosomes
40
TLR8 ligand
single stranded viral RNAs
41
TLR8 microorganisms recognized
viruses
42
TLR8 cells carrying receptor
NK cells
43
TLR8 cellular location of receptor
endosomes
44
TLR9 ligands
unmethylated CpG-rich DNA
45
TLR9 microorganisms recognized
bacteria
46
TLR9 cells carrying receptors
plasmacytoid dendritic cells, B cells, eosinophils, basophils
47
TLR9 cellular location of receptor
endosomes
48
TLR10 homodimer and heterodimers with TLR1 and 2 ligand
unknown
49
TLR10 homodimer and heterodimers with TLR1 and 2 microorganisms recognized
unknown
50
TLR10 homodimer and heterodimers with TLR1 and 2 cells carrying receptor
plasmacytoid dendritic cells, basophils, eosinophils, B cells
51
TLR10 homodimer and heterodimers with TLR1 and 2 cellular location of receptor
unknown
52
REVIEW COMPLEMENT AND INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
on slides
53
_______ are the first cells to arrive at the site of tissue damage in the innate immune response
neutrophils
54
activation of neutrophils leads to what?
respiratory bursts and release of granules
55
______ engulf organism by phagocytosis and release many inflammatory mediators
macrophages
56
review mechanisms of phagocytosis
slide 20
57
______ is a cytokine of both innate and adaptive immunity
IFN-gamma
58
TNF principal source
macrophages, T cells
59
TNF principal cellular targets and biological effects
``` endothelial cells: activation neutrophils: activation hypothalamus: fever liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins muscle, fat: catabolism many cell types: apoptosis ```
60
Interleukin (IL-1) principal source
macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells
61
Interleukin (IL-1) principal cellular targets and biological effects
endothelial cells: activation hypothalamus: fever liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins
62
chemokine principal cell source
macrophages, endothelia cells, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, platelets
63
chemokine principal cellular targets and biological effects
leukocytes: chemotaxis, activation
64
IL-12 principal cell source
macrophages, dendritic cells
65
IL-12 principal cellular targets and biological effects
NK cells and T cells: IFN-gamma synthesis, increased cytolytic activity T cells: Th1 differentiation
66
Type I IFNs (alpha and beta) principal source
alpha: macrophages beta: fibroblasts
67
Type I IFNs principal cellular targets and biological effects
``` all cells: antiviral state, increased class I MHC expression NK cells: activation ```
68
IFN-gamma principal cell source
NK cells, T lymphocytes
69
IFN-gamma principal cellular targets and biological effects
activation of macrophages | stimulation of some antibody response
70
IL-10 cell source
macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells
71
IL-10 principal cellular targets and biological effects
macrophageS: inhibition of IL-12 production, reduced expression of costimulators and class II MHC
72
IL-6 cell source
macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells
73
IL-6 principal cellular targets and biological effects
liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins | B cells: proliferation of antibody-producing cells
74
IL- 15 cell source
macrophages, other
75
IL-15 principal cellular targets and biological effects
NK cells and T cells: proliferation
76
IL-18 cell source
macrophages
77
IL-18 principal cellular targets and biological effects
NK cells and T cells: IFN-gamma synthesis
78
What is an important bride between innate and adaptive immunity?
pathogen recognition through PRRs which causes activation and maturation of antigen presenting cells (APC). APC processed antigen is presented to naive T cells and then secreted cytokines asset development maturation of T cell
79
What immunity is a B cell and what is its function?
adaptive, humoral immunity
80
What immunity is a plasma cell and what is its function?
adaptive, Ab-producing cell
81
What immunity is a T cell and what is its function?
adaptive, cell mediated responses
82
What immunity is a NK cells and what is its function?
innate, anti-viral and anti bacterial
83
Describe cell mediated immunity
mediated by thymus dependent lymphocytes called T lymphocytes
84
describe humoral immunity
mediated by antidotes produced by B lymphocytes
85
______ lymphocytes develop from precursors during lifetime
B
86
all _____ lymphocytes are generated in the thymus during fetal stage
T
87
describe TH1 cells
produced IFN-gamma that activates macrophages to destroy microbes
88
describe TH2 cells
produce IL-4, 5, 10
89
describe cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
kill host cells that are haboring infectious microbes in the cytoplasm
90
where are MHC class 1 expressed
all nucleated cells of body, including professional APCs
91
where are MHC class 2 expressed
professional APC only
92
CD4 and CD8 bind ___ on APCs
MHC molecules (not Ag!)
93
T cell receptors has two binding chains alpha and beta, that do what?
bind Ag
94
What does the Ag interact with on the class II MHC molecule
alpha1 and beta1 domains
95
what does the Ag interact with on the class I MHC molecule?
alpha1 and alpha2 dominos
96
What are the properties of MHC molecules?
codominant expression: both paternal alleys of each MHC gene are expressed polymorphic genes: many different alleys are present in the population MHC expressing cell types
97
costimulation of what is required in the activation of CD4 T cells?
B7-CD28 costimulation
98
If IL-12 is produced by macrophages and DCs what happens
TH1 cells differentiate
99
if no IL-12 is not produced by what is made?
Th2 cells
100
What part of the Ab confers Ag recogniton
variable region, F(ab') 2
101
what part of the Ab interacts with cell surface receptors
constant region, Fc
102
IgA function
mucosal immunity, neontal passive immunity
103
IgD function
naive B cell Ag recognition
104
IgG function
oposination, complement activation, antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity, neonatal immunity, feedback inhibition of B cells
105
IgM function
naive B cell antigen receptor, complement activation

KCU Comprehensive Exam (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions