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Cln Lab III > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Immune system organs include what?

A

Skin, MM, spleen, red bone marrow, lymph nodes, MGCNALT, tonsils, Peyers patches, thymus

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2
Q

The spleen consists of ____ and ____ pulp

A

White and red

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3
Q

The white pulp of the spleen has phagocytes that react to what in the bloodstream?

A

Antigens

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4
Q

The red pulp of the spleen has macrophages that removes what?

A

Worn and damaged blood cells

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5
Q

The spleen is a reservoir for what?

A

RBCs

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6
Q

The red bone marrow is responsible for what?

A

All (white) blood cell production

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7
Q

Kuppfer macrophage

A

Liver

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8
Q

Microglial macrophage

A

Brain

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9
Q

Osteoclasts macrophages

A

Bone/marrow

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10
Q

Dendritic macrophages

A

Skin/LN

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11
Q

Histiocytes macrophages

A

Connective tissue

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12
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

Lungs

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13
Q

Langerhans macrophages

A

Skin

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14
Q

Littoral macrophages

A

Spleen

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15
Q

The medulla of the LNs contains _______ that eat up what 3 things?

A

Macrophages; cancer cells, antigens, foreign debris

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16
Q

What causes LN to enlarge?

A

Lymphocyte multiplication and macrophage accumulation

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17
Q

Define MALT

A

Mucosa - associated lymphatic tissue

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18
Q

Define CALT

A

Conjunctiva - associated lymphatic tissue

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19
Q

Define NALT

A

Nasopharynx-associated lymphatic tissue

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20
Q

Define Galt

A

Gut - associated lymphatic tissue

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21
Q

Functions of MALT/GALT/CALT/NALT?

A

Identify antigens, mount immune response

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22
Q

MALT/GALT/CALT/NALT are clusters of what type of tissues?

A

Lymphoid tissue

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23
Q

Tonsils are part of _ALT but more specifically _ALT?

A

MALT; GALT

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24
Q

What is the function of the tonsils?

A

Destroy foreign material

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25
Q

Peyers patches are a part of the _ALT and more specifically _ALT

A

MALT; GALT

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26
Q

Peyers patch are aggregations of _____ in the _____ intestine

A

Lymphoid; small

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27
Q

What cells mature in the Thymus

A

T-cells (T lymphocytes)

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28
Q

Thymus is only present in what animals?

A

Young

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29
Q

The innate immune system is _____, non-_______ response

A

Fast; nonspecific

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30
Q

What makes up the innate immune system?

A

Skin, MM, inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, complement system, cytokines, NK cells

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31
Q

How does the skin function?

A

Physical barrier

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32
Q

How does the MM function?

A

Produce mucus, tears, saliva, etc

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33
Q

What initiates inflammation?

A

Histamine

34
Q

Why is vasodilation important?

A

Diapedesis

35
Q

What are the clinical signs of inflammation?

A

Heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

36
Q

Fever helps move what?

A

Chemical mediators

37
Q

How does a fever help eliminate a pathogen?

A

Gets too hot to support pathogen growth

38
Q

What cells are capable of phagocytosis?

A

Neutrophils, macrophages

39
Q

What helps attract phagocytes?

A

PAMP receptor, complement system

40
Q

Complement system becomes active in the presence of what?

A

Antigen or antibody attached to an antigen

41
Q

Functions of the complement system?

A

Trigger inflammation

42
Q

Define opsonization

A

Attaches something to flag something for phagocytosis

43
Q

Cytokines includes what?

A

Interleukins, interferon, chemokines

44
Q

Interleukin 1 =

A

Tells T cells to release more IL

45
Q

Interleukin 2 =

A

Causes T cell production

46
Q

Interleukin 4&6=

A

Causes B cells to clone and produce memory/plasma cells, and antibodies

47
Q

Interferon helps to stop what?

A

Viral replication

48
Q

What do chemokines do?

A

Stimulate movement of leukocytes from blood to the injury/inflammation site

49
Q

NK cells are what type of cell?

A

Lymphocyte

50
Q

How do NK cells kill target cells?

A

Bind to cell to induce cellular changes leading to apoptosis

51
Q

Adaptive immune system consists of what?

A

B lymphocytes, t lymphocytes

52
Q

B lymphocytes are a part of which branch of adaptive immunity?

A

Humoral

53
Q

b lymphocytes produce what?

A

Immunoglobulin (Ig) or antibodies

54
Q

5 types of b lymphocytes

A 
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgD
55
Q

B lymphocyte IgM is what %?

A

5%

56
Q

B lymphocyte IgG is what %?

A

75%

57
Q

B lymphocyte IgA is what %?

A

20%

58
Q

B lymphocyte IgE is what %?

A

Trace

59
Q

B lymphocyte IgD is what %?

A

trace

60
Q

Which b lymphocyte is produced during 1st exposure?

A

IgM

61
Q

Which b lymphocyte can cross the placenta and is the most abundant?

A

IgG

62
Q

What b lymphocyte is found in mucosa?

A

IgA

63
Q

Where do b lymphocytes migrate?

A

LN and spleen

64
Q

Once activated, b lymphocyte clones can become _____ or _____.

A

Memory;plasma cells

65
Q

Memory or plasma cells mass produce what?

A

Antibodies

66
Q

T Lymphocytes are a part of what branch of adaptive immunity?

A

Cell mediated

67
Q

T lymphocytes originate where?

A

Bone marrow

68
Q

T lymphocytes migrate to where to mature?

A

Thymus

69
Q

Once mature, t lymphocytes enter the bloodstream and migrate where?

A

LN and spleen

70
Q

Once activated, t lymphocyte clones can become what?

A

Memory cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells

71
Q

Helper T cells secrete what?

A

Cytokines

72
Q

Cytotoxic T cells do what?

A

Attach to antigenic markers on cells and destroy them

73
Q

Regulatory T cells do what?

A

Prevent B cells from transforming into plasma cells

74
Q

Active immunity is achieved what 2 ways?

A

Exposure or vaccine

75
Q

Passive immunity is achieved what 3 ways?

A

Placenta, colostrum, IV

76
Q

Define virulence

A

Degree of pathogenicity

77
Q

Define hypersensitivity

A

An overreaction of the immune system that causes tissue damage

78
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Animal is sensitized, second exposure is severe, food/milk/drug/vax/parasite allergy, inhalant/atopic dermatitis

79
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity

A

Immune mediated DZs

80
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex: blue eye, pneumonitis, glomerulonephritis, FIP, rheumatoid arthritis (or 4)

81
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

Contact dermatitis

Cln Lab III (5 decks)

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