Immunology

Question 1

Factors influencing autoimmune disease?

Answer 1

Genes, environment and immune regulation

Question 2

Which cells have HLA/MHC class 1?

Answer 2

All

Question 3

A failure of central tolerance involves what?

Answer 3

Bone marrow

Question 4

Peripheral tolerance involves what?

Answer 4

CD4, CD25 etc

Question 5

Women or men affected more in autoimmune?

Answer 5

Women

Question 6

What age is autoimmune more common?

Answer 6

Elderly

Question 7

Environmental triggers of autoimmune disease?

Answer 7

Trauma, Infection, Smoking

Question 8

T cells produce what to cause inflammation?

Answer 8

Cytokines

Question 9

What do autoreactive B cells do to the immune system?

Answer 9

Direct cytotoxicity, activation of complement system

Question 10

Organ specific autoimmune disease basis?

Answer 10

Recognises autoantigens of one organ, overlap is common, thyroid disease is typical

Question 11

Which disease are typical of systemic autoimmunity?

Answer 11

Connective tissue

Question 12

What is hashimotos thyroiditis?

Answer 12

Destruction of thyroid follicles by autoantibodies = hypothyroidism

Question 13

Inappropriate stimulation of thyroid gland by anti TSH antibody causes …

Answer 13

Grave’s Disease

Question 14

Antibodies acetylcholine cause what?

Answer 14

Myasthenia gravis

Question 15

Extremely large thymus could be causing what?

Answer 15

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 16

Features of SLE?

Answer 16

Butterfly rash, mouth ulcers, arthralgia, alopecia, pleaural effusions

Question 17

How do antinuclear antibodies get to the nuclei?

Answer 17

Bind to sun damaged cells

Question 18

Which antibodies produced to cause vasculitis?

Answer 18

ANCA- anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

Question 19

3 types of anca vasculitis?

Answer 19

microscopic polyangitis
Granulomatosis polyangitis
or eosiniphilic granulamotosis

Question 20

What is a granuloma?

Answer 20

Chronic mass of inflamed tissue

Question 21

What could raynauds and positive ANA possibly indicate?

Answer 21

Scleroderma

Question 22

Define sensisitivity?

Answer 22

How good is a test at identifying people with the disease

Question 23

Define specificity?

Answer 23

How good is a test at identifying people who do not have the disease

Question 24

In acute inflammation what happens to Albumin?

Answer 24

Decreases

Question 25

Ferritin and fibrinogen change how in acute inflammation?

Answer 25

Increase

Question 26

What test is more specific for Ra then rheumatoid factor?

Answer 26

ACPA

Question 27

(C) ANCA is binding to what in the cells?

Answer 27

Cytoplasm

Question 28

(P) ANCA is binding to what?

Answer 28

Nuclei sparing the cytoplasm

Question 29

What is antimitochondiral antibody specific to?

Answer 29

Primary biliary sclerosis

Question 30

What can a PRR do?

Answer 30

Recognise type of pathogen, gram type, virus etc

Question 31

What is IRAK 4 deficiency?

Answer 31

Stops a pathway that causes an acute inflammatory response everything else normal

Question 32

Defective phagocyte NADPH oxidase causes what disorder?

Answer 32

CGD (chronic granulamatous disease)

Question 33

Test for terminal complement pathway?

Answer 33

Sheep red cells with serum = lysis in normal people

Question 34

X-Linked agammaglobulinaemia cause a deficiency in what?

Answer 34

Antibodies and immunoglobulins

Question 35

X linked AGamma often presents with ?

Answer 35

sinopulmonary symptoms

Question 36

Patient presents with normal IgG no IGA or IGM and reduced T Killer and NK cells - likely diagnosis?

Answer 36

Severe combined immunodefficiency syndromes

Question 37

What is a type II sensitivity reaction?

Answer 37

Cytotoxic, IgG and IgM ab response

Question 38

Common allergen to cause a type 2 hypersensitive reaction?

Answer 38

Penicillin

Question 39

Cell lysis and necrosis is common in what hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 39

Type 2 cytotoxic

Question 40

Antibody(s) associated with type I reactions?

Answer 40

IgE

Question 41

Histological basis of type I reactions?

Answer 41

Baso and eisonophil

Question 42

type I reaction =?

Answer 42

Anaphylactic

Question 43

Type III reaction =?

Answer 43

Immune complex

Question 44

Type IV reaction = ?

Answer 44

Delayed type

Question 45

Type III reaction pathology?

Answer 45

IgG/IgM against soluble Antigen immune complex

Question 46

Type III sensitivity disease examples?

Answer 46

Vaculitis, nephritis, farmers lung

Question 47

Type IV reactions are mediated by what? How delayed?

Answer 47

T-cells (2-3 days)

Question 48

Contact dermatitis can be classed was what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 48

Type IV

Question 49

Immune response to parasites involves which IG?

Answer 49

IgE

Question 50

Three causes of atopy?

Answer 50

Asthma, Dermatitis(eczema) and Hayfever

Question 51

Primary B-cell deficiency?

Answer 51

X linked a gammaglobulin

Question 52

Primary T-cell deficiency?

Answer 52

Wiskott-aldrich, adenosine deaminse defficient, SCID, Class II mhc deficient.

Question 53

Passive immunisation pro and con?

Answer 53

Immediate protection, but transient and risk of infection

Question 54

B interferon used in what for therapy?

Answer 54

MS

Question 55

g-csf/ gm-csf increases what?

Answer 55

Neutrophils

Question 56

alpha interferon treatment?

Answer 56

Hep C

Question 57

Gamma interferon use?

Answer 57

intracellular infection and chronic granulamatous

Question 58

Steroid actions?

Answer 58

Neutrophils in circulation are prevented from marginating Onhibits phospholipase A and reduce inflammation

Question 59

Effect of steroid on immuniglobulin and T-cells

Answer 59

Decrease proliferation

Question 60

Steroid side effects?

Answer 60

Diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, poor wound healing, osteoporosis, glaucoma, and psychiatric problems.

Question 61

Use of steroids?

Answer 61

Quick response for connective tissue diseases, RA and vasculitis

Question 62

Inflammatory diseases treatment?

Answer 62

Steroid treatment!

Question 63

Which malignancy responds to steroids?

Answer 63

Lymphoma- suppressed T-cells

Question 64

Azathioprine and mycophenolate are what type of a drug?

Answer 64

Antimetabolite affect T and B cells

Question 65

Ciclosporin A and Tacrolimus are what drug type/

Answer 65

Calcineurin inhibitor

Question 66

M-TOR inhibitor?

Answer 66

Sirolimus (rapamycin)

Question 67

IL-2 receptor monoclonals?

Answer 67

Basilix and daclizi (umab)

Question 68

Cyclophosphamide used in what?

Answer 68

Vasulitis and SLE

Question 69

Anti TNF use in what types of disease?

Answer 69

Successful in RA treatment and other inflammatory diseases

Question 70

Anti -tnf side effcts?

Answer 70

TB :O

Question 71

Rituximab against what?

Answer 71

CD20 on B cell surface

Question 72

omalizumab is active against what?

Answer 72

IgE

Question 73

Normally occuring isoaggluttins?

Answer 73

A or B

Question 74

Class II MHC/HLA antigens expressed on what cells?

Answer 74

B-cells mostly

Question 75

Which chromosome is MHC on?

Answer 75

6

Question 76

CD4 associated with ?

Answer 76

MHC II

Question 77

CD8 associated with ?

Answer 77

MHC I

Question 78

Worry level of neutropenia?

Question 79

Neutropenic patients often get infected with?

Answer 79

Gram neg, gram pos and pseudomonas

Question 80

Ideal abx for neutropenic pts?

Answer 80

Tazocin

Question 81

Bacteria found in cheese giving opportunistic infection?

Answer 81

Listeria

Question 82

HIV patients presenting with meningitis like symptoms? Organism?

Answer 82

Cryptococcus

Question 83

Cryptosporidium parvum?

Answer 83

Water companies say boil water!!

Question 84

Example of worm infection in T cell deficient person?

Answer 84

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 85

What type of bacteria tend to infect people who are hypogammaglobulinaemic?

Answer 85

encapsulated! Meningitidis, haemophilus B and strep pneumoniae

Question 86

problems with C5-C8 make you susceptible to what?

Answer 86

Meningitidis

Question 87

Who should not get live vaccines?

Answer 87

T-cell deficient