Immunology Flashcards
State the type of cells responsible for the production of antibodies.
B-cells
What is the role of complement in Ag-Ab reactions with regards to:
Activation of the classical cascade by IgG and IgM
Spec. required for detecting complement activity in vitro
End result of complement in red cell ag-ab reactions
Interpretation of in vitro hemolysis
binding of ag with one IgM or two IgG
Red top
Cell lysis
Positive
Briefly describe three phases of ag-ab reactions
Primary: Binding of Ag/ab
Secondary: Observable phase
Tertiary: Immune Respone
Compare and contrast Primary and secondary immune response in:
Dose
Latency period
and major Ig produced
Primary = Large, long and IgM Secondary = small, short and IgG
Define Immunogenicity in terms of antibody production
The ability of an antigen to stimulate and antibody response
Compare and contrast IgG and IgM in: Temperature (optimal) Ability to cross placenta Clinical significance Size can it Cause direct agglutination Can it bind complement
IgG: 37 degrees C, can cross, significant, smaller, can not DA, Can not bind complement
IgM: Room temperature or colder, Can not cross placenta, insignificant except ABO, larger, can DA, can bind complement
Describe Ag-Ab with complementary fit
High attraction, low repulsion
Describe Ag-Ab with interatomic attractive forces
Noncovalent
Describe Ag-Ab with location of the epitope
Farther away is more effective
Describe Ag-Ab with electrolytes
net charge; less zeta = more effective
Describe Ag-Ab with pH
neutral
Describe Ag-Ab with time/incubation
IgG: 15-30 @ 37
IgM: Instant spin @ RT
Describe Ag-Ab ratios
Prozone (more Ab)
Equilvalence
Postzone (more Ag)
What are the three main components of a RBC membrane?
proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
How does zeta potential effect Ag-Ab reaction?
smaller=closer= more effective
What is the purpose of enhancement media?
Reduce zeta
What are four enhancement media used?
Albumin, LISS, PEG, Enzymes
Draw basic IgG and IgM structures
Draw
What are 5 characteristics of IgG antibodies?
1) do not bind complement
2) cross placenta
3) Smaller than IgM
4) Developed via red cell stimulation
5) Clinically significant
What are the 5 characteristics of IgM antibodies?
1) Not clinically significant
2) Can bind complement
3) Can not cross the placenta
4) Larger
5) Naturally occurring
What cell is antibody produced by?
B cells differentiated into plasma cells
What sample is complement seen in?
Red top within 24 hours
What causes failure to see Ag-Ab reaction?
Excess Ag to Ab levels
