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BOC review-Harr 5th ed > Immunology 3.1 Basic Principles > Flashcards

Immunology 3.1 Basic Principles Flashcards

1
Q

From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system that is formed in response to antigenic stimulation:
A. Lysozyme
B. Complement
C. Commensal organisms
D. Immunoglobulin (Ig)

A

D. Immunoglobulin (Ig)

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2
Q

Which two organs are considered the primary lymphoid organs in which immunocompetent cells originate and mature?

A. Thyroid and Peyer patches
B. Thymus and bone marrow
C. Spleen and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
D. Lymph nodes and thoracic duct

A

B. Thymus and bone marrow

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3
Q

What type of B cells is formed after antigen stimulation?

A. Plasma cells and memory B cells
B. Mature B cells
C. Antigen-dependent B cells
D. Receptor-activated B cells

A

A. Plasma cells and memory B cells

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4
Q

T cells travel from bone marrow to the thymus for maturation. What is the correct order of the maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus?

A. Bone marrow to the cortex; after thymic education, released back to peripheral circulation
B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex; migration to the medulla; release of mature T cells to secondary lymphoid organs
C. Storage in either the cortex or medulla; release of T cells into the peripheral circulation
D. Activation and selection occur in the medulla; mature T cells are stored in the cortex until activated by antigen

A

B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex; migration to the medulla; release of mature T cells to secondary lymphoid organs

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5
Q

Which cluster of differentiation (CD) marker is the most specific identifying marker for mature T cells?
A. CD1
B. CD2
C. CD3
D. CD4 or CD8

A

C. CD3

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6
Q

Which markers are found on mature, peripheral helper T cells?
A. CD1, CD2, CD4
B. CD2, CD3, CD8
C. CD1, CD3, CD4
D. CD2, CD3, CD4

A

D. CD2, CD3, CD4

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7
Q

Which T cells express the CD8 marker and act specifically to kill tumors or virally infected cells?
A. Helper T cells
B. Suppressor T cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells (TC cells)
D. Regulator T cells

A

C. Cytotoxic T cells (TC cells)

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8
Q

How are TC cells and natural killer (NK) cells similar?
A. Require antibody to be present
B. Effective against virally infected cells
C. Recognize antigen in association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II markers
D. Do not bind to infected cells

A

B. Effective against virally infected cells

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9
Q

What is the name of the process by which phagocytic cells are attracted to a substance, such as a bacterial peptide?
A. Diapedesis
B. Degranulation
C. Chemotaxis
D. Phagotaxis

A

C. Chemotaxis

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10
Q

All of the following are immunologic functions of complement except:
A. Induction of an antiviral state
B. Opsonization
C. Chemotaxis
D. Anaphylatoxin formation

A

A. Induction of an antiviral state

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11
Q

Which complement component is found in both the classic and alternative pathways?
A. C1
B. C4
C. Factor D
D. C3

A

D. C3

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12
Q

Which Ig(s) help(s) initiate the classic complement pathway?
A. IgA and IgD
B. IgM only
C. IgG and IgM
D. IgG only

A

C. IgG and IgM

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13
Q

How is complement activity destroyed in vitro?
A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 minutes
B. Keeping serum at room temperature of 22°C for 1 hour
C. Heating serum at 37°C for 45 minutes
D. Freezing serum at 0°C for 24 hours

A

A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 minutes

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14
Q

What is the purpose of C3a, C4a, and C5a, the split products of the complement cascade?
A. To bind with specific membrane receptors of lymphocytes and cause release of cytotoxic substances
B. To cause increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils
C. To bind with membrane receptors of macrophages to facilitate phagocytosis and the removal of debris and foreign substances
D. To regulate and degrade membrane cofactor protein after activation by C3 convertase

A

B. To cause increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils

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15
Q

Which region of the Ig molecule can bind antigen?
A. Fragment antigen binding (Fab)
B. Fragment crystallizable (Fc)
C. Constant light (CL)
D. Constant heavy (CH)

A

A. Fragment antigen binding (Fab)

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16
Q

Which region determines whether an Ig molecule can fix complement?
A. Variable heavy (VH)
B. Constant heavy (CH)
C. Variable light (VL)
D. Constant light (CL)

A

B. Constant heavy (CH)

17
Q

Which Ig class(es) has (have) a J-chain?
A. IgM
B. IgE and IgD
C. IgM and surface IgA (sIgA)
D. IgG3 and IgA

A

C. IgM and surface IgA (sIgA)

18
Q

Which Ig appears first in the primary immune response?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE

A

B. IgM

19
Q

Which immunoglobulin appears in highest titer in the secondary response?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE

A

A. IgG

20
Q

Which Ig can cross the placenta?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE

A

A. IgG

21
Q

Which Ig cross-links mast cells to release histamine?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE

A

D. IgE

22
Q

All of the following are functions of Igs except:
A. Neutralizing toxic substances
B. Facilitating phagocytosis through opsonization
C. Interacting with TC cells to lyse viruses
D. Combining with complement to destroy cellular antigens

A

C. Interacting with TC cells to lyse viruses

23
Q

Which of the following cell surface molecules is classified as an MHC class II antigen?
A. HLA-A
B. HLA-B
C. HLA-C
D. HLA-DR

A

D. HLA-DR

24
Q

Which MHC class of molecule is necessary for antigen recognition by CD4-positive T cells?
A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. No MHC molecule is necessary for antigen recognition

A

B. Class II

25
Q

Which of the following are products of HLA class III genes?
A. T-cell immune receptors
B. HLA-D antigens on immune cells
C. Complement proteins C2, C4, and factor B
D. Ig VL regions

A

C. Complement proteins C2, C4, and factor B

26
Q

What molecule on the surface of most T cells recognizes antigen?
A. IgT, a four-chain molecule that includes the tau heavy chain
B. MHC protein, a two-chain molecule encoded by the HLA region
C. CD3, consisting of six different chains
D. T-cell receptor (TcR), consisting of two chains: α-chain and β-chain

A

D. T-cell receptor (TcR), consisting of two chains: α-chain and β-chain

27
Q

TcR is similar to Ig molecules in that it:
A. Remains bound to the cell surface and is never secreted
B. Contains V and C regions on each of its chains
C. Binds complement
D. Can cross the placenta and provide protection to a fetus

A

B. Contains V and C regions on each of its chains

28
Q

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are found on which cells?
A. T cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. B cells
D. Large granular lymphocytes

A

B. Dendritic cells

TLRs are found on antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells & macrophages

29
Q

Macrophages produce which of the following proteins during antigen processing?
A. IL-1 and IL-6
B. γ-Interferon
C. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10
D. Complement components C1 and C3

A

A. IL-1 and IL-6

30
Q

A superantigen, such as toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), bypasses the normal antigen-processing stage by binding to and cross-linking:
A. A portion of an Ig molecule and complement component C1
B. TLRs and an MHC class 1 molecule
C. A portion of an Ig and a portion of a TcR
D. A portion of a TcR and an MHC class II molecule

A

D. A portion of a TcR and an MHC class II molecule

31
Q

T-regulator cells, responsible for controlling autoimmune antibody production, express which of the following phenotypes?
A. CD3, CD4, CD8
B. CD3, CD8, CD25
C. CD3, CD4, CD25
D. CD8, CD25, CD56

A

C. CD3, CD4, CD25

BOC review-Harr 5th ed (41 decks)

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