Chemistry 6.9 Tumor Markers Flashcards
Which of the following tumor markers is classified as a tumor suppressor gene?
A. BRCA-1
B. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
C. hCG
D. Nuclear matrix protein (NMP)
A. BRCA-1
In general, in which of the following situations is the analysis of a glycoprotein tumor marker, such as carbohydrate-associated antigen-125 (CA-125), most useful?
A. Testing for recurrence
B. Prognosis
C. Screening
D. Diagnosis
A. Testing for recurrence
Which of the following is the best analyte to monitor for recurrence of ovarian cancer?
A. CA-15-3
B. CA-19-9
C. CA-125
D. CEA
C. CA-125
Which of the following enzymes is increased in persons with prostate and small cell lung cancer?
A. Creatine kinase-1 (CK-1)
B. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)
C. Amylase
D. Lactate dehydrogenase
A. Creatine kinase-1 (CK-1)
Which tumor marker is associated with cancer of the urinary bladder?
A. CA-19-9
B. CA-72-4
C. NMP
D. Cathepsin-D
C. NMP
A person presents with a cushingoid appearance and an elevated 24-hour urinary cortisol level. Plasma ACTH is very elevated, and the physician suspects that the cause is ectopic ACTH production. Which test would be most useful in substantiating this diagnosis?
A. Plasma cortisol
B. CA-50
C. ALP isoenzymes
D. AFP
C. ALP isoenzymes
Which of the following tumor markers is used to monitor persons with breast cancer for recurrence of disease?
A. Cathepsin-D
B. CA-15-3
C. Retinoblastoma gene
D. Estrogen receptor (ER)
B. CA-15-3
Which of the following statements regarding Ph1 is true?
A. It is seen exclusively in chronic myelogenous leukemia
B. It results from a translocation
C. It appears as a short-arm deletion of chromosome 21
D. It is associated with a poor prognosis
B. It results from a translocation
What is the primary clinical utility of measuring CEA?
A. Diagnosis of liver cancer
B. Diagnosis of colorectal cancer
C. Screening for cancers of endodermal origin
D. Monitoring for recurrence of cancer
D. Monitoring for recurrence of cancer
Which tumor marker is used to determine the usefulness of trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapy for breast cancer?
A. PR
B. CEA
C. HER-2/neu
D. Myc
C. HER-2/neu
A person is suspected of having testicular cancer. Which type of hCG test would be the most useful?
A. Plasma immunoassay for intact hCG only
B. Plasma immunoassay for intact hCG and the β-hCG subunit
C. Plasma immunoassay for the free alpha and beta-hCG subunits
D. Urine assay for hCG β-core
B. Plasma immunoassay for intact hCG and the β-hCG subunit
A patient treated for a germ cell tumor has a total and free β-hCG assay performed prior to surgery. The result is 40,000 mIU/mL. One week after surgery, the hCG is 5,000 mIU/mL. Chemotherapy is started, and the hCG is measured 1 week later and found to be 10,000 mIU/mL. What does this indicate?
A. Recurrence of the tumor
B. Falsely increased hCG as a result of drug interference with the assay
C. Analytical error with the test reported as 5,000 mIU/mL
D. Transient hCG increase caused by chemotherapy
D. Transient hCG increase caused by chemotherapy
Which set of results for ER and PR is associated with the highest likelihood of a favorable response to treatment with estrogen-suppression therapy (tamoxifen)?
A. ER positive, PR positive
B. ER positive, PR negative
C. ER negative, PR positive
D. ER negative, PR negative
A. ER positive, PR positive
Which type of cancer is associated with the highest level of AFP?
A. Hepatoma
B. Ovarian cancer
C. Testicular cancer
D. Breast cancer
A. Hepatoma
Which of the following assays is recommended as a screening test for colorectal cancer in persons over age 50 years?
A. CEA
B. AFP
C. Occult blood
D. Fecal trypsin
C. Occult blood