Immunology

Question 1

What is the goal of the host when it encounters a pathogen

Answer 1

To establish an effective immune response so that the host can survive

Question 2

Where are the cells of the immune system creates?

Answer 2

Hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and fetal liver

Question 3

Lymphoid progenitors become

Answer 3

B and T cells

Question 4

Myeloid progenitors become

Answer 4

Neutrophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells

Question 5

Leukocytes

Answer 5

WBCs, all cells of the immune system or leukocytes

Question 6

Where do immune responses take place?

Answer 6

In the lymph nodes, spleen, peyer’s patch (intestine) and tonsils

Question 7

What do the peripheral lymphoid organs do?

Answer 7

Filter blood, lymph, and intestine

Question 8

Innate immunity

Answer 8

quick response that is not very specific

Question 9

Adaptive immunity

Answer 9

activation of B and T lymphocytes

Question 10

Extracellular pathogens

Answer 10

Pathogens that are eliminated by antibody and phagocytosis

Question 11

Intracellular pathogens

Answer 11

Pathogens eliminated by immune-mediated killing of infected cells

Question 12

Physical barriers to pathogens

Answer 12

Skin

Question 13

Mechanical barriers to pathogens

Answer 13

breathing, flushing of urinary tract

Question 14

Chemical barriers to pathogens

Answer 14

Acids, lysozyme, saliva

Question 15

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Answer 15

Bind microbial products on bacteria either intracellularly or extracellularly

Question 16

PAMPs

Answer 16

sequence on bacteria that bind to PRRs

Question 17

Inflammation is a change in host to an antigen that allows serum proteins and leukocytes to move from the blood to tissue.

Answer 17

no response

Question 18

What are some of the early mediators of inflammation released from local cells?

Answer 18

Histamine, serotonin, platelet activating factor, and lysosomal enzymes

Question 19

Defensins

Answer 19

antimicrobial peptides–T cell chemoattractant

Question 20

Complement

Answer 20

system of plasma proteins that marks pathogens for destruction

Question 21

What is C3 cleaved to during complement activation and what do these products do?

Answer 21

C3a–chemoattractant to recruit effector cells, vasodilation and vascular permeability
C3b–attaches to pathogen to mark for phagocytosis
C5a–chemoattractant to recruit effector cells, vasodilation and vascular permeability
Membrane attack complex (MAC)–punches holes in bacterial membrane

Question 22

Classical pathway of complement activation

Answer 22

C reactive protein binds to specific antigen on pathogen surface

Question 23

Steps of inflammatory response

Answer 23

1. recruitment of cells
2. Recognition of pathogen
3. Phagocytosis and killing pathogen

Question 24

Immature dendritic cells’ role in immunity

Answer 24

take up antigen and move from site of injury through lymphatic vessel to lymph nodes-matures and presents antigen to T cell

Question 25

Bridge between Innate and adaptive immune response

Answer 25

Classical pathway
Macrophages stimulation differentiation of T cells
IF increase MHC I expression which allowed T cells to recognize pathogens