Immunology 2 Flashcards
Where are immune cells & RBCs recycled
In the spleen
Is neutrophil of myeloid/lymphoid lineage
Myeloid
What immune cell controls immune memory
T cells (lymphoid lineage)
3 stages of inflammatory response
- recognition
- recruitment
- resolution
Details of inflammatory response
- Get cut/bite etc
- Epithelia breached -> pathogens enter wound
- Cytokines secreted (recruitment)
- Cytokines attract immune cells to site
- Neutrophils migrate from blood
- Mast cells release chemicals that cause vasodilation -> opening of capillaries so more immune cells can come to site
- Phagocytosis by neutrophils & macrophages
What are the 3 functions of neutrophils
- Phagocytosis
- Degranulation
- NETosis
Explain degranulation of neutrophils
Release of chemicals, enzymes & antimicrobial peptides to break down microbial cell wall
Explain NETosis of neutrophils
Release DNA. Microbes get stuck so macrophages can engulf them
2 functions of eosinophils
- Anti parasitic & allergy response
- Degranulation
What are released with degranulation of eosinophils
Enzymes & cytokines
2 functions of basophils & mast cells
- Anti parasitic & allergy response
- Degranulation
What does the degranulation of mast cells & basophils release
- Histamine
- Enzymes
- Cytokines
What does the release of histamine from mast cells cause
Vasodilation
Stimulates the production of mucous
What in the blood differentiates into a macrophage once in the tissues
Monocytes
3 functions of macrophages
- Phagocytosis
- Antigen presenting cell
- Tissue specific macrophages
What cells do macrophages present antigens to
T cells
What do macrophages phagocytose
Microbes
Antigens
Dying cells
Do macrophages reside in only one place or multiple
Multiple! -
What immune cells are capable of phagocytosis
Monocytes/ macrophages
Neutrophils
Dendritic cells
Steps in phagocytosis
- Microbe binds to phagocyte receptors
- Phagocyte membrane zips up around microbe
- Microbe ingested in phagosome
- Fusion of phagosome & lysosome
- Killing of microbes by ROS (reactive oxygen species), NO (nitric oxide) & lysosomal enzymes
What recognises microbial patterns on bacteria/virus
PRRs on epithelia (pattern recognition receptors)
What cell in the tissues is responsible for resolution & repair
Macrophages
What cells encourage epithelia to heal after wound
Neutrophils & macrophages
3 functions of dendritic cells
- Phagocyte
- APC
- Activation of T cells NBBBB
Where is the site of immune memory
Lymph nodes
