Immunology 1 Flashcards
What receptors on epithelial cells does SARS-CoV-2 bind & infect
ACE2 receptors on epithelial cells
What does the inner mucous layer contain
Bacteria
What does the outer mucous layer usually contain
It’s usually sterile - Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs)
How many grams of antibodies are produced per day
3-5g antibodies/day
Immune system definition
An integrated defence system composed of tissues, cells & molecules
Features of innate immune response
Quick, non specific, always turned on
Features of adaptive immunity
Long term, specific
Steps of innate immune response
- Infection
- Recognition of pathogens by sensors
- Activation of cells & inflammation
- Removal of infectious agents
Steps of adaptive immune response
- Infection
- Stimulation of T & B cells in lymphoid organs
- Expansion and training of effector T & B cells
- Migration to infection site
- Removal of infectious agents
First lines of defence in innate immunity (5)
- Epithelia as barrier
- pH
- Mucosa layer
- Enzymes
- Commensals - microbes that live in harmony w us
What is contained in mucous that makes it a first line of defence
Antimicrobial peptides
What does lysozyme break down
Peptidoglycan (PGN)
What kind of bacteria is lysozyme only effective against
Gram pos bacteria - effects PGN
4 chemical & physical parts of innate immune response
- Mucous -> sticky, traps
- Cilia lining trachea -> swallowed to stomach (pH)
- Acid in stomach
- Skin -> lactic acid & fatty acids (pH), high salt, dry
4 biochemical parts of innate immune response
- Lysozyme in tears & saliva
- Sebaceous glands secretions -> fatty acids (pH)
- Commensal organisms in gut & vagina
- Spermine in semen
What call immune cells
Cytokines
what is peptidoglycan recognised by (GRAM POS!!
TLR2 (toll receptor 2)
What is lipopolysaccharide recognised by (GRAM NEG!! – LPS in outer cell membrane - 2 layers in gram neg)
TLR4 (toll receptor 4)
Where do monocytes emigrate from
Bone marrow
What cells do all cells of immune response originate from
Multipotent hematopoietic cells
Where do T lymphocytes develop functionally
In the thymus
What cells differentiate from myeloid progenitor cell
- Megakaryocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- RBCs
- Monocytes
- Neutrophils
What cells differentiate from lymphoid progenitor cell
- T cell
- B cell
- NK cell
Where are the adaptive immune responses induced when the site of pathogen encounter is at the mucosa
In the MALT (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues)
Where are the adaptive immune responses induced when the site of pathogen encounter is in body tissues (invasion)
Lymph nodes & spleen
What are the secondary lymphoid tissues
Mucosa
Lymph nodes
Spleen
