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Med/Surg III Test 2 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

0
Q

Lymphoid stem cell ->

A

Lymphocytes

  • B cell progenitor
  • T cell progenitor
  • Natural killer cell
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1
Q

Stem cell ->

A

Lymphoid stem cell

Myeloid progenitor

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2
Q

Myeloid progenitor ->

A

Granulocytes

  • neutrophil
  • eosinophil
  • basophil
  • mast cell
  • monocyte
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3
Q

B cell progenitor ->

A

B cell

Memory cell

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4
Q

T cell progenitor ->

A

Th cell

Tc cell

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5
Q

Monocyte ->

A

Dendritic cell

Macrophage

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6
Q

Natural killer cells - target

A

Infected cells

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7
Q

Natural killer cells - role

A

To kill cells that appear to be abnormal

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8
Q

Macrophages - target

A

Anything they find in their path

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9
Q

Macrophages - role

A

Ingest harmful microorganisms

Activate TH1 and TH2

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10
Q

Tc - target

A

Infected cell

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11
Q

Tc - role

A

Kill infected cells

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12
Q

TH1 - target

A

Infected cell

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13
Q

TH1 - role

A

Activate Tc cell

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14
Q

TH2 - target

A

Infected cell

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15
Q

TH2 - role

A

Activate B cells

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16
Q

B cells - target

A

Microorganisms and infected cells

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17
Q

B cells - role

A

Secrete antibodies

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18
Q

Antibodies - 2 major regions

A

Variable region

Constant region

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19
Q

Antibodies - variable region

A

Binds to the antigen

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20
Q

The variable region of the antibody binds to the ___________ of an antigen

A

Epitope

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21
Q

Forms of immunity

A

Antibody mediated

Cell mediated

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22
Q

Antibody mediated immunity

A

TH2 cells activate the B cells

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23
Q

TH2 cells release __________ to ______________________.

A

Cytokines; activate the B cells

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24
Q

Cell mediated immunity

A

Macrophages activate the TH1 cells which activate the Tc cells.

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25
Q

Macrophages release ___________ to activate the _____________.

A

Cytokines; TH1 cells

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26
Q

TH1 cells release ____________ to activate the ________________.

A

Cytokines; Tc cells

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27
Q

MHC stands for

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

28
Q

MHC are __________ found where?

A

Proteins; every cell of the body

29
Q

MHC do what?

This relates to what?

A

Allow Tc and TH cells to distinguish between self and non-self.

Autoimmune disease

30
Q

MHC class I go with

A

Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells

31
Q

MHC class II go with

A

Helper T (TH) cells

32
Q

Autoimmune disease - definition

A

Failure of antibodies and T cells to recognize “self”

33
Q

True/False - diabetes type I is an autoimmune disease

A

True

34
Q

True/False - diabetes type II is an autoimmune disease

A

False

35
Q

True/False - Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease

A

True

36
Q

True/False - Osteoarthritis is an autoimmune disease

A

False

37
Q

What type of disease is Osteoarthritis?

A

Mechanical (non inflammatory)

38
Q

Fever is associated with ___________ disorders

A

Inflammatory

39
Q

Locking or instability is associated with __________ disorders.

A

Non inflammatory

40
Q

True/False - Inflammation is associated with OA

A

False

41
Q

True/False - Inflammation is associated with RA

A

True

42
Q

_________ arthritis is often a multi-system disease while ________ arthritis is not.

A

Rheumatoid; osteo

43
Q

True/False - Tenderness is common in pts with OA.

If true, where?

A

False

44
Q

True/False - Tenderness is common in pts with RA.

If true, where?

A

True

over the entire exposed joint area

45
Q

Morning stiffness is __________ and __________ in pts with OA.

A

Focal; brief

46
Q

Morning stiffness is __________ and __________ in pts with RA.

A

Significant; prolonged >1 hr

47
Q

In pts with OA, there is a peak period of discomfort after _____________.

A

Prolonged use

48
Q

In pts with RA, there is a peak period of discomfort after _____________.

A

Prolonged inactivity

49
Q

Symmetrical (bilateral) symptoms are occasional in _______ and common in _______.

A

OA; RA

50
Q

True/False - Lab abnormalities are often seen in pts with OA.

A

False

51
Q

True/False - Lab abnormalities are often seen in pts with RA.

A

True

52
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

Marker for inflammation

53
Q

CRP is released by the _________.

A

Liver

54
Q

If the body detects inflammation, the ________ releases _________ and _________.

A

Liver; CRP; fibrinogen

55
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Sticky

56
Q

ESR stands for

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

57
Q

More inflammation = sticky cells = _______________

A

Faster ESR

58
Q

More inflammation = _____________ = faster ESR

A

Sticky cells

59
Q

_______________ = sticky cells = faster ESR

A

More inflammation

60
Q

_____________=_____________=____________

A

More inflammation = sticky cells = faster ESR

61
Q

More inflammation =_____________=____________

A

Sticky cells; faster ESR

62
Q

_____________= Sticky cells =____________

A

More inflammation; faster ESR

63
Q

_____________=_____________= Faster ESR

A

More inflammation; sticky cells

64
Q

What is done to confirm the presence of bony structural changes?

A

Imaging studies

65
Q

Types of imaging studies

A 
Radiographs
CT
Bone scan
DEXA scan
MRI
66
Q

CT stands for

A

Computed tomography

67
Q

A DEXA scan looks at

A

Bone density

68
Q

MRI stands for

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Med/Surg III Test 2 (5 decks)

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