Immunology 09. Immune deficiency Flashcards
Soon after birth!!
SCID hits both B and T cells. Maternal IgG doesnt matter here.
Adapative immunity for Mycobacteriae
Adapative immunity for Mycobacteriae
Soluble factors: IL-12, IFNy
Cells: CD4+ help for Macrophage
AIDS: increase risk of what kind of cancer causing viruses??
AIDS: increase risk of what kind of cancer causing viruses??
EBV and lymphoma
HHV8-> Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma
Are neutrophils short lived?
Are neutrophils short lived?
Yes! Short lived so they are continuously produced in large numbers by bone marrow
Bone marrow production of neutrophils can be adversely affected by?
Bone marrow production of neutrophils can be adversely affected by?
Chemotherapy
Irradiation
Does antiviral immune response completely clear out HIV-1 from host?
Does antiviral immune response completely clear out HIV-1 from host?
Nope! Due to HIV-1 constant evolution-> form escape mutants that can evade these immune response
HIV RNA polymerase is like some cheapskate errorprone photocopying machine that makes tons of errors –> constant HIV mutation
Does clinical latency correspond to viral quiescence?
Does clinical latency correspond to viral quiescence?
Nope! There is continued viral replication and progressive depletion of CD4+ t cells tgt with destruction of lymphoid tissue!!
immune dysfunction in elderly, in particular declining t cell responses, could be due to?
immune dysfunction in elderly, in particular declining t cell responses, could be due to?
1) Thymic involution
2) CMV induced oligoclonality
3) Replicative senescence
T.C.R.
infection by encapsulated bacteria could suggest defiency/defects in?
infection by encapsulated bacteria could suggest defiency/defects in?
B cells and Complements
T cell defects could result in what kinds of infections?
T cell defects could result in what kinds of infections?
CMV, EBV/lymphoma, Kaposi’s sacroma, Tb, reactivation of herpes simplex and herpes zoster virus
TLDR intracellular organisms
What are some causes of secondary immunodeficiency? Just think about immune system and what could affect it
What are some causes of secondary immunodeficiency? Just think about immune system and what could affect it
HIV, Chemotherapy, long term steroid,malnutrition, splenectomy, cancers metastasize to bone marrow
What are the difference classification of Immunodeficiency?
What are the difference classification of Immunodeficiency?
1) Primary immunodeficiency (intrinsic defect)
2) Secondary immunodeficiency
What are the innate immune defence against Mycobacteriae?
What are the innate immune defence against Mycobacteriae?
Soluble factors: TNF-a, IL-1
Cells: Macrophage
What are the manifestations of immunodeficiency?
What are the manifestations of immunodeficiency?
Infections: latent, persistent, widespread, opptunistic
Increase incidence of cancer
What are the symptoms of Acute HIV-1 Syndrome?
What are the symptoms of Acute HIV-1 Syndrome?
Fever
Malaise (a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or unease whose exact cause is difficult to identify)
Enlarged lymph nodes
What is replicative senescence?
What is replicative senescence?
**Old liao then cells cannot replicate. **
Memory cells cannot indefinitely undergo clonal expansion with each re-exposure to cognate (related) antigen
What is SCID? What is it caused by?
What is SCID? What is it caused by?
A heterogenous group of genetically determined disorders resulting in impairment of both B and T cell arms of adpative immune system. Common cause is ADA deficiency
What is T cell oligoclonality?
What is T cell oligoclonality?
Due to clonal expansion, immune repertoire increasingly focused on previously encountered antigen
Why does primary immunodeficiencies of B cell/AB production manifest only 3-4 months after birth?
Why does primary immunodeficiencies of B cell/AB production manifest only 3-4 months after birth?
Mother-> transplacental xfer of maternal IgG during 3rd trimester-> passive immunity in baby
As these IgG die, the baby cannot make new IgG -> immunedeficiency
Why does thymic involution cause immunedeficiency/immune dysfunction in elderly?
Why does thymic involution cause immunedeficiency/immune dysfunction in elderly?
1) Fall in thymic output of naive t cells with age
2) means that t cell repertoire in peirphery increasingly represented by memory T cells specific for previously encountered antigen (T cell oligoclonality)
3) Less naive t cells with specificities for antigens not encountered before
