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HH M2 CA1 Immunology > Immunology 09. Immune deficiency > Flashcards

Immunology 09. Immune deficiency Flashcards

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6
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Soon after birth!!

SCID hits both B and T cells. Maternal IgG doesnt matter here.

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7
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Adapative immunity for Mycobacteriae

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Adapative immunity for Mycobacteriae

Soluble factors: IL-12, IFNy

Cells: CD4+ help for Macrophage

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8
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AIDS: increase risk of what kind of cancer causing viruses??

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AIDS: increase risk of what kind of cancer causing viruses??

EBV and lymphoma
HHV8-> Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma

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9
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Are neutrophils short lived?

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Are neutrophils short lived?
Yes! Short lived so they are continuously produced in large numbers by bone marrow

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10
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Bone marrow production of neutrophils can be adversely affected by?

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Bone marrow production of neutrophils can be adversely affected by?

Chemotherapy
Irradiation

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11
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Does antiviral immune response completely clear out HIV-1 from host?

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Does antiviral immune response completely clear out HIV-1 from host?

Nope! Due to HIV-1 constant evolution-> form escape mutants that can evade these immune response

HIV RNA polymerase is like some cheapskate errorprone photocopying machine that makes tons of errors –> constant HIV mutation

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12
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Does clinical latency correspond to viral quiescence?

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Does clinical latency correspond to viral quiescence?

Nope! There is continued viral replication and progressive depletion of CD4+ t cells tgt with destruction of lymphoid tissue!!

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13
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immune dysfunction in elderly, in particular declining t cell responses, could be due to?

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immune dysfunction in elderly, in particular declining t cell responses, could be due to?

1) Thymic involution
2) CMV induced oligoclonality
3) Replicative senescence

T.C.R.

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14
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infection by encapsulated bacteria could suggest defiency/defects in?

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infection by encapsulated bacteria could suggest defiency/defects in?

B cells and Complements

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15
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T cell defects could result in what kinds of infections?

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T cell defects could result in what kinds of infections?

CMV, EBV/lymphoma, Kaposi’s sacroma, Tb, reactivation of herpes simplex and herpes zoster virus

TLDR intracellular organisms

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16
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What are some causes of secondary immunodeficiency? Just think about immune system and what could affect it

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What are some causes of secondary immunodeficiency? Just think about immune system and what could affect it

HIV, Chemotherapy, long term steroid,malnutrition, splenectomy, cancers metastasize to bone marrow

17
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What are the difference classification of Immunodeficiency?

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What are the difference classification of Immunodeficiency?

1) Primary immunodeficiency (intrinsic defect)
2) Secondary immunodeficiency

18
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What are the innate immune defence against Mycobacteriae?

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What are the innate immune defence against Mycobacteriae?
Soluble factors: TNF-a, IL-1

Cells: Macrophage

19
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What are the manifestations of immunodeficiency?

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What are the manifestations of immunodeficiency?

Infections: latent, persistent, widespread, opptunistic

Increase incidence of cancer

20
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What are the symptoms of Acute HIV-1 Syndrome?

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What are the symptoms of Acute HIV-1 Syndrome?

Fever
Malaise (a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or unease whose exact cause is difficult to identify)
Enlarged lymph nodes

21
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What is replicative senescence?

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What is replicative senescence?

**Old liao then cells cannot replicate. **

Memory cells cannot indefinitely undergo clonal expansion with each re-exposure to cognate (related) antigen

22
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What is SCID? What is it caused by?

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What is SCID? What is it caused by?

A heterogenous group of genetically determined disorders resulting in impairment of both B and T cell arms of adpative immune system. Common cause is ADA deficiency

23
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What is T cell oligoclonality?

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What is T cell oligoclonality?

Due to clonal expansion, immune repertoire increasingly focused on previously encountered antigen

24
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Why does primary immunodeficiencies of B cell/AB production manifest only 3-4 months after birth?

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Why does primary immunodeficiencies of B cell/AB production manifest only 3-4 months after birth?

Mother-> transplacental xfer of maternal IgG during 3rd trimester-> passive immunity in baby

As these IgG die, the baby cannot make new IgG -> immunedeficiency

25
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Why does thymic involution cause immunedeficiency/immune dysfunction in elderly?

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Why does thymic involution cause immunedeficiency/immune dysfunction in elderly?

1) Fall in thymic output of naive t cells with age
2) means that t cell repertoire in peirphery increasingly represented by memory T cells specific for previously encountered antigen (T cell oligoclonality)
3) Less naive t cells with specificities for antigens not encountered before

HH M2 CA1 Immunology (14 decks)

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