immunological tolerance and autoimmunity

Question 1

tolerogens

Answer 1

• antigens that induce tolerance
• prolonged exposure
• presence in generative organs

Question 2

immunogens

Answer 2

• antigens that induce an immune response
• short exposure
• presence in blood and peripheral tissues

Question 3

self-antigen

Answer 3

an individuals own antigens

Question 4

immunologic tolerance

Answer 4

unresponsiveness to self-antigens

Question 5

central tolerance

Answer 5

• immature B (bone marrow) and T lymphocytes (thymus)

Question 6

peripheral tolerance

Answer 6

• spleen and lymph nodes

- anergy, deletion, suppression

Question 7

central T lymphocyte tolerance

Answer 7

• negative selection= deletion

- regulatory

Question 8

during development in the thymus the positive selection of t lymphocytes occur in the medulla/cortex by which cells

Answer 8

CORTEX

cortical epithelium

Question 9

during development in the thymus the NEGATIVE selection of t lymphocytes occur in the medulla/cortex by which cells

Answer 9

MEDULLA

medullary epithelium

Question 10

double positive thymocytes

Answer 10

located in the cortex

Question 11

positive selection

Answer 11

weak recognition of class II MHC –> CD4 t cell ; weak recognition of class I MHC –> CD8

Question 12

negative selection

Answer 12

• encounters self antigen and those that do are apoptosis, negative selection or deleted

Question 13

central T lymphocyte tolerance takes ____ months

Answer 13

3

Question 14

autoimmune regulator protein

Answer 14

transcription factor that reside in the and controls expression of peripheral tissue self-antigens –> critical role in negative selection and self-tolerance = protective immunity

Question 15

absent of autoimmune (AIRE) regulator protein

Answer 15

leads to autoimmunity

Question 16

APECED

Answer 16

autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy

• autosomal recessive inheritance
• mutations in AIRE chromosome 21
• autoantibodies

Question 17

regulatory T cell development

Answer 17

• some reactive CD4+ t cells will not be deleted but instead will differentiate into regulatory T cells
• CD3+CD+CD25 high and FOX P3+
• produce anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and TGF-beta

Question 18

peripheral T lymphocyte tolerance

Answer 18

• anergy, suppression, deletion

Question 19

CD 19 and CD 20

Answer 19

b cells

Question 20

B7

Answer 20

APC

Question 21

CD28

Answer 21

T cells

Question 22

when B7 and CD28 do not bind or when TCR does not bind correctly

Answer 22

t cell anergy

Question 23

CTLA-4

Answer 23

• exists on T cells
• inhibitory
• regulatory
• engage CD80/86 on APC

Question 24

iplilmuman

Answer 24

• blocks CTLA-4 , boost t cell response

- can be autoimmune

Question 25

abatacept

Answer 25

• recombinant CTLA-4
• used for arthritis
• engage CD80/86 and induce inhibition

Question 26

regulatory t lymphocytes require which cytokine

Answer 26

IL-2

Question 27

IPEX

Answer 27

• immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy
• x-linked
• mutations in FoxP3

Question 28

FasL

Answer 28

death receptors

Question 29

ALPS

Answer 29

• disorders of apoptosis
• heterozygous dominant
• lymphoproliferation

Question 30

foxp3

Answer 30

IPEX