Immunological Aspects Of Animal Nutrition Flashcards
Role of vitamin B complex in regard of immune system. Which B vitamin is the most important?
- B complex supply is necessary for the normal immune functions
- most important is **vitamin B6*
- B6 effects both humoral and cellular immune response
- decreased intake of B6 causes limphocytopenia and decreased antibody and IL-2 production
Role of vit C in regard of immune system
- neutralises the auto reactive and immune suppressive oxidants (from phagocytes)
- in case of absence of vit C: cell mediated immunity drops (ability of neutrophils and macrophages to move and kill bacteria is decreased)
- vit C requirements increases in case of: wound healing, infectious diseases, cancerous states
In what conditions requirement for vit C increases?
- wound healing
- infectious states
- cancerous states
Beta-carotene and vit A role in regard of immune system
- antioxidant effect
- increase anti-tumor effect of macrophages, cytotoxic T-cells and NK-cells
- increase proliferating ability of T and B cells
- in deficiency: morbidity and mortality increase
Role of vit D in regard of immune system
- direct regulator of the *maturation of mononuclear phagocytes series (MPS) cells
- activated macrophages synthesise vitamin D
- effects lymphocyte proliferation and the cytokine production
- decreases IgG production
- inhibition of autoimmune diseases
- vit D and insulin synergetically stimulate estradiol production: estradiol is required for a proper immune response to bacterial and viral pathogens in the female brain
- enhances chemotaxis, antimicrobial peptides and macrophage differentiation
- can also inhibit DCs maturatiion, Th1 and Th17 differentiation and promotes immunoregulatory functions of Treg cells
What vitamin is the direct regulator of MPS cells maturation?
Vitamin D
What vitamin decreases IgG production?
VItamin D
Role of vit E in regard of immune system
- increases humoral and cellular immune response and phagocytise ability of the cells
- decreases the formation of free radicals
- for immune stimulation it should be applied in mega doses (20-100 times)
Role of Se in immune system
- antioxidant
- membrane stabiliser properties
- forming unit of glutathione peroxidase
Role of Cu, Zn, Fe in immune system
- deficiency -> makes the immune response weaker
- overdose -> toxic symptoms and weaker immune response
Studies showed that gluthamine and selenium supplementation can reduce what kind of infections?
Nosocomial infections
Is high-dose glutamine supplementation dangerous?
Yes. It significantly increases mortality
Glutamine and its role in the immune system
- primary fuel for enterocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages
- conditionally essential amino acid during metabolic stress
- substrate for GNG, and may be oxidised for fuel for rapidly proliferating cells
- precursor for renal ammonia genesis (how ammonia is excreted from the body)
Role of arginine in regard of immune system
- conditionally essential amino acid during metabolic stress
- precursor for many compounds within the body
- required for normal T and B lymphocyte and macrophage function
- can be metabolised and utilised in collagen production by way of proline synthesis
- arginine stimulates secretion of growth hormone, insulin, glucagon
- arginine can be metabolised to NO -> altering blood flow, angiogenesis, epithelization and tissue granulation
Omega-3 fatty acids in regard of immune system
- immunosuppressive (by reducing the production of the pro-inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid, arachaidonic acid)
- EPA and DHA are postulated to reduce macrophage adhesion, alter T-cell proliferation and stabilise cytokine response
