Immunologic Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Abnormality in one or more branches of the immune system that renders a person susceptible to diseases normally prevented by an intact immune system
A
Immunodeficiency
2
Q
Exaggerated or inappropriate immune response
A
Hypersensitivity
3
Q
Disturbance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins
A
Gammopathy
4
Q
Inherited immunodeficiency caused by the mutation in the gene of X chromosome 21.3– 22
A
X linked agammaglobulinemia
5
Q
XLA is detected during what age?
A
Six months
6
Q
IgE Normal Values
A
0.002 to 2 mg/dl
7
Q
Other terms for X linked agammaglobulinemia
A
Bruton Type Agammaglobulinemia, X –linked Infantile Agammaglobulinemia, Congenital Agammaglobulinemia
8
Q
One of its clinical manifestations are serious enteroviral infections like your Coxsackieviruses
A
XLA
9
Q
In this disease, B lymphocytes are diagnosed to be absent while T cells are within normal values
A
Hypogammaglobulinemia
10
Q
IgA Normal Values
A
80 to 350mg/dl
11
Q
IgM Normal Values
A
45 to 250 mg/dl
12
Q
IgM Normal Values
A
45 to 250 mg/dl
13
Q
IgD Normal Values
A
0.3 to 0mg/dl
14
Q
Treatment for Hypogammaglobulinemia includes maintaining IgG at what value?
A
500 mg/dl
15
Q
Total absence or severe deficiency of IgA
A
SELECTIVE IgA DEFFICIENCY
16
Q
Total absence or severe deficiency of IgA
A
SELECTIVE IgA DEFFICIENCY
17
Q
Autosomal recessive inheritance affecting the thymus and endocrine glands
A
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
18
Q
COMBINED B & T CELL IMMUNODEFICIENCY
A
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, Ataxia–Telangiectasia, SCID
19
Q
Congenital failure of the thymus where there is a lack of T cell in chromosome 22
A
Di George’s Syndrome/ Thymic Hypoplasia
20
Q
Manifestations of Di George’s Syndrome
A
Cardiac abn Abn Fascies Thymic Aplasia Cleft Palate Hypoparathyroidism/ Hypocalcemia
21
Q
T cell Immunodeficiencies
A
Di George’s Syndrome, Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis, Hodgkin’s Disease
22
Q
Characterized by cerebral ataxia, telangiectasis, recurrent infections of the lungs and sinuses and increased incidence of cancer
A
ATAXIA–TELANGIECTASIA
23
Q
This is accompanied by thrombocytopenia and eczema
A
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
24
Q
In Di George’s Syndrome, what is administered for its management?
A
Human Leukocyte Antigen
25
Neoplasm of the lymphoid tissue
| where there is impaired T cell function
Hodgkin's Disease
26
One of hallmark signs of Ataxia Telangiectasia where there is dilated blood vessels which usually appears in the first 4 years of life
Telangiectasia
27
Clinical manifestations include nails that are thickened, fragmented, discolored and hyperkeratotic
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
28
One of hallmark signs of Ataxia Telangiectasia where there is uncoordinated muscle movement
Ataxia
29
Characterized by your lymphoid aplasia and thymic dysplasia
SCID
30
PHAGOCYTIC CELL DISORDERS
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia, Chronic Granulomatous Dse
31
Clinical features include deep, painful mouth ulcers, gingivitis, stomatitis & cellulitis
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia
32
Type of Phagocytic Cell Disorder where your phagocytes do not make hydrogen peroxide which is needed to kill bacteria & molds
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
33
A type of severe combined immune deficiency where affected children have lymphopenia and thymus is always hypoplastic or absent
SWISS TYPE AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA
34
Collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissues
LUPUS ERTYHEMATOSUS
35
WBC cannot produce an inflammatory response to the skin infections resulting in deep seated abscesses that lack the classic signs and symptoms of inflammation
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia
36
Gammopathy Diseases
Macroglubinemia, Hodgkin's, Myeloma
37
Malignant disease of the most mature form of B lymphocyte, the plasma cell
MM
38
Characterized by orderly spread of disease from one lymph node grp to another and by the devt of systemic symptoms with advanced disease
HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
39
Characterized by Hyper viscosity syndrome
MACROGLOBULINEMIA
40
Condition in which cold temperature/ strong emotion cause blood vessel spasm that block blood flow to our fingers, toes, nose, ears; evident cyanosis
Raynaud's Phenomenon
41
Diagnostic test that measures the pattern and amount of autoantibody which can attack the body’s tissues as if they were foreign material
Antinuclear Antibodies/ ANA or ANF
42
This medication is effective for managing cutaneous, and musculoskeletal and mild features of SLE
Antimalarial Drug e.g.: Hydroxychloroquine (Planequil)
43
Collecting plasma which is frozen to preserve it for variety of use
Plasmapheresis
44
CLASSIFICATIONS OF LUPUS
Discoid
Drug Induced
Neonatal
Systemic
45
Lupus Erythematosus where there is chronic skin condition of sores with inflammation and scarring
Discoid
46
Medications that may trigger your Drug Induced LE
hydralazine , procainamide, isoniazid, phenothiazine, Penicillin (antibiotic)
47
Autoimmune disorder, non-contagious, chronic, progressive, inflammatory connective tissue disorder that causes major body and system failure
SLE
48
Benign and self-limited lupus
Neonatal LE
49
Cause is unknown but this is characterized by spontaneous remission (state of absence of the manifestations of disease) and exacerbation
SLE
50
Diagnostic criteria of SLE
Serositis
Oral Ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
51
Overabundance of this protein is due to increased proliferation of the plasma cells
Monoclonal Paraprotein/ M protein
52
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
constipation, thirst, altered mental status, dehydration, confusion and coma
53
Classic Triad for multiple myeloma
Plasmacytosis, Lytic Bone lesion (Plasmacytomas), M. protein or Bence Jones Protein
54
Period between onset of HIV infection and appearance of detectable antibodies to the virus
Window period
55
Most common secondary immunodeficiency
AIDS
56
Point at w/c an infected person converts to from being negative for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood to being positive
Seroconversion
57
Time after infection and before seroconversion
Window Period
58
3 Phases of AIDS
Primary infection, Latency, Overt
59
Opportunistic infection where the alveoli become filled w foamy, protein rich fluid that impairs gas exchange
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
60
What can of gait is presented to patients with AIDS dementia complex?
Unsteady Gait
61
Opportunistic infection where there is a malignancy of the endothelial cells that line small blood vessel
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
62
CD4 count of an immunosuppressed immune system
500- 200 cells/mm3
63
What immunizations are given for a child with AIDS?
ensure administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines
64
What immunization is not allowed for a child with AIDS?
Varicella
65
CD4 count of a competent immune system
650-12000 cells/mm3
66
Newer drug for AIDS?
Trogarzo
67
This medication is recommended for prevention of maternal fetal HIV transmission
Zidovudine (AZT)
68
Manifestations for this phase are consistent generalized lymph adenopathy for 3 months, at two different locations
Latency/ Chronic Asymptomatic
69
When is Zidovudine administered?
AFTER 14 WEEKS AOG with PO medicine; IVTT DURING LABOR; and to the NEONATE post birth for SIX WEEKS
70
Type of HIV that is responsible for most virus worldwide
HIV1
71
This phase in AIDS is the Initial response to HIV invasion
Primary Infection/ Early Acute Phase
72
At what year was AIDS internationally accepted?
1986
73
AIDS defining characteristic in terms of Philippine setting
Tuberculosis
74
AIDS defining characteristic in the United States
Pneumonia
75
CD4 count of a person with AIDS
<200
76
What is the HIV wasting diagnostic criteria?
involuntary weight loss exceeding 10% of baseline body weight
77
Four types of hypersensitivity
Type I: IgE mediated
Type II: Cytotoxic
Type III: Immune Complex
Type IV: Delayed
78
Primary Cellular Component of Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Mast cells, basophils
79
Type 1 Hypersensitivity is amplified by what blood cells?
Platelets, Neutrophils, Eosinophils
80
Most severe form of type 1 hypersensitivity
Anaphylaxis
81
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis is an FDA approved HIV prevention regimen which include taking what medications daily?
Truvada
82
This type of hypersensitivity is when Ag-Ab reaction activates the complement system
TYPE II CYTOTOXIC HYPERSENSITIVITY
83
Primary cellular component of cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
Ig M, Ig G, Complement System
84
This type of Type 1 Hypersensitivity is usually caused by food allergen; eggs, fish, nuts, seafoods, meds
Urticaria
85
Mediated by the formation of insoluble Ag-Ab complex that activates complement
TYPE III IMMUNE COMPLEX MEDIATED HYPERSENSITIVITY
86
Massive fetal red blood cell destruction
Hydrops fetalis
87
This type of hypersensitivity is characterized by pruritic lesions with pale, pink wheal on an erythematous background
Urticaria
88
Signs and symptoms of this hypersensitivity includes itching, apprehension, anasarca, circumoral edema, wheezing, dyspnea, signs of vascular collapse of shock
Anaphylaxis
89
Medications given to manage anaphylaxis
Epinephrine (1:1000), Benadryl, Hydrocortisone
90
Less severe form type 1 that reacts to pollen, feathers, fungal spores, house dust but is not in contact w/ allergen
Atopic Allergy
91
Common forms of Atopic Allergy
Hay fever, atopic dermatitis, asthma
92
Form of urticaria but involves subcutaneous tissue rather than skin
Angioedema
93
Primary cellular component of type III Immune Complex Mediated Hypersensitivity
* IgG
* IgM
* IgA
* Complements
* Neutrophils
94
Develops 1-3 weeks after administration of large amounts of foreign serum (horse antitetanus toxin)
SERUM SICKNESS
95
This occurs when the system mistakenly identifies a normal constituent of the body
TYPE II CYTOTOXIC HYPERSENSITIVITY
96
Disorders associated with your type 2 hypersensitivity
Myasthenia Gravis, Goodpasture Syndrome, Hemolytic anemia
97
Rheumatic disease classifications
Monoarticular, polyarticular or inflammatory/ non inflammatory
98
Most potent drug given to patients with RA
Methotrexate
99
Two common diseases related with Delayed Hypersensitivity
SJS, Lyell's syndrome/ Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
100
Types of transplant rejection
Hyperacute, acute, chronic
101
Type of hypersensitivity that develops 24 to 72 hours after exposure to antigens
TYPE IV DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
102
Primary components of type IV delayed hypersensitivity
* T-lymphocytes
| * Macrophages
103
Fusing of the bones together
Ankylosis
104
This drug interferes with purine metabolism, leading to the release of adenosine, a potent anti-inflammatory compound. This is why effect can be seen in 1 month right away.
Methotrexate
105
Systemic inflammatory disease that affects 0.3% to 1.5% of the population, with women affected two to three times more frequently than men
Rheumatoid Arthritis
106
Peak age for RA
Peak: 40‐ 60 years old
107
Age of onset for RA
30‐ 50 years old
108
Aerious, potentially life-threatening viral infection caused by Coronaviridae family. Began in the Guangdong province of southern China. It is characterized by a phase of cytokine storms with various chemokines and cytokines being elevated.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
109
Emergency prophylaxis that neutralizes virus activity in vitro and in vivo for patients with SARS
Monoclonal antibodies
110
Referred to as swine flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs that can be transmitted to humans.
H1N1
111
Etiologic Agent of H1N1
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
112
Viral respiratory illness and was reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has spread to several Other countries including the United States. Most people infected with this disease developed severe acute respiratory illness.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-COV)
113
Etiologic Agent for MERS-COV
MERS-Coronavirus
114
Mode of Transmission of MERS-COV
Close contact with infected person
115
MERS-COV incubation period
5 to 6 days, but can range from 2 to 14 days
116
Rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the its viruses strains. It can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates.
Ebola Virus
117
Incubation Period for Ebola
2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola, but the average is 8 to 10 days.
118
Incubation Period for H1N1
1 to 4 days with an average of 2 days up to 7 days
119
A1 -adrenergic receptor blocker. Relaxes bladder sphincter.
Terazosin (Hytrin)
120
First US FDA approved vaccine last December 2019 for EBOLA
ERVEBO
121
Common etiologic pathogens involved in PID
* N. gonorrhoeae
| * Chlamydia
122
This management is done to relax smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate for patients with BPH
Balloon dilation
