Immunologic Flashcards

1
Q

How is AIDS transmitted?

A
  • Horizontal transmission: from either sexual contact or parenteral exposure to blood or blood products
  • Vertical transmission: from HIV-infected mother to infant
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2
Q

What is horizontal transmission?

A

• Horizontal transmission: from either sexual contact or parenteral exposure to blood or blood products

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3
Q

What is vertical transmission?

A

Vertical transmission: from HIV-infected mother to infant

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4
Q

Where are the greatest concentrations of AIDS virus found?

A

Blood, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, cervical/ vaginal secretions, and breast milk

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5
Q

What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?

A
• Fever 
• Night sweats 
• Chronic diarrhea 
• Fatigue 
• Minor oral infection 
• Headache 
• Vaginal candidiasis 
• Cough 
• Shortness of breath 
• Cutaneous changes – rash, nail bed
changes, dry skin, psoriasis, dermatitis
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6
Q

True or false: HIV is a somatotropic virus

A

False, it is neurotropic

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7
Q

True or false; HIV attacks the central nervous system and leaves the peripheral nervous system unharmed

A

False; it impacts both

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8
Q

What are the neurological symptoms of HIV?

A
  • Difficulty with concentration and memory
  • Headaches
  • Seizures
  • Paralysis
  • Motor dysfunction; balance/coordin
  • Gradual weakness of extremities
  • Numbness and tingling
  • Radiculopathy
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9
Q

What are the organ specific autoimmune diseases?

A
Thyroiditis
Addisons
Graves
Chronic hepatitis
Pernicious anemia
Ulcerative colitis
IDDM
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10
Q

True or false; fibromyalgia is more common in women than men

A

True

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11
Q

True or false; fibromyalgia is only found in people over 40

A

False; its found in preadolescents to postmenopausal women

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12
Q

True or false; fibromyalgia is a genetically predisposed condition

A

True

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13
Q

Fibromyalgia is a dysregulation of ________ and the _______________.

A

Neurohormonal and autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

What is fibromyalgia triggered by?

A

Viral infection
Traumatic event
Stress

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15
Q

What is the difference between myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia?

A

MFPS

  • trigger points
  • localized musculoskeletal condition
  • no associated signs or symptoms
  • etiology; over use, repetitive motions, reduced muscle activity

FMS

  • tender points
  • systemic condition
  • wide array of associated signs and symptoms
  • etiology; neurohormonal imbalance, autonomic nervous system dysfunction
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16
Q

What are the core features of fibromyalgia?

A
• Widespread pain lasting more than 3 months
• Widespread local tenderness
• Primary musculoskeletal symptoms
» Aches and pain 
» Stiffness 
» Swelling in soft tissue 
» Tender points 
» Muscle spasms or nodules
17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of RA?

A

SERIOUS

Swelling in 1+ joints
Early morning stiffness
Recurring pain/tenderness in joint
Inability to move joint normally
Obnoxious redness/warmth in joint
Unexplained weight loss, fever, weakness in addition to joint pain
Symptoms last >2weeks
18
Q

Symptoms of Sclerodema

A

CREST

Calcinosis
Raynaud's 
Esophageal ddysmotility, dysphagia, heartburn
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
19
Q

Symptoms of advanced spondylitis

A

-constant LBP
-loss of normal lumbar lordosis
-ankylosis of sacroiliac joints and spine
-muscle wasting in shoulder and pelvis
-dorsocervical kyphosis
-decreased chest expansion
Arthritis in peripheral joints
-hip flexion in standing

20
Q

Sighs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis

A
Fever
Fatigue
Dystrophic nail changes
Polyarthritis 
Psoriasis 
Sore fingers
21
Q

Signs and symptoms of MS

A
  • unilateral visual impairment
  • paresthesias
  • ataxia/ unsteadiness
  • vertigo
  • fatigue
  • muscle weakness
  • bowel and bladder dysfunction
  • speech impairment
22
Q

Signs and symptoms of Guillan Barre Syndrome

A
  • Muscular weakness, bilateral, progressing legs to arms, chest and neck
  • diminished DTR
  • paresthesias
  • fever, malaise
  • nausea