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Medicine > Hematologic > Flashcards

Hematologic Flashcards

1
Q

What do erythrocytes do?

A

carry oxygen to tissues

and remove carbon dioxide from them.

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2
Q

What do leukocytes do?

A

act in inflammatory and

immune response.

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3
Q

What does plasma do?

A

carries antibodies and nutrients to tissue and remove wastes from tissue.

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4
Q

What do platelets do?

A

control the clotting of blood.

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms associated with hematologic disorders?

A
  • Exertion problems
  • Dyspnea
  • Chest pain
  • Palpitations
  • Severe weakness
  • Fatigue
  • skin and fingernail changes
  • Blood in stool
  • Emesis (vomiting)
  • Severe pain and swelling in joints and muscles
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6
Q

What are the skin and fingernail changes associated with hematologic disorders?

A

• Pallor of the face, hands, nail beds and lips
• Cyanosis or clubbing of the fingernail
• Wounds or easy bruising or bleeding
in skin, gums, or mucous membranes

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7
Q

Erythrocyte (red blood cells) consist

mainly of …

A

hemoglobin and a supporting framework

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8
Q

Ratio of red blood cells to white

A

600:1

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9
Q

Who has more red blood cells, men or women?

A

Men

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10
Q

Whats anemia?

A

Too few RBCs

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11
Q

Whats polycythemia?

A

Too many RBCs

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12
Q

Whats poikilocytosis?

A

Abnormally shaped RBCs

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13
Q

What’s anisocytosis?

A

Abnormal variations in size of RBCs

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14
Q

What’s hypochromia?

A

RBC deficient in hemoglobin

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15
Q

In Physical Therapy practice, anemia-

related disorders occur;

A

• Iron deficiency associated with chronic
GI blood loss 2° NSAID use
• Chronic disease or inflammatory
disease – RA, and LUPUS
• Neurologic conditions (pernicious anemia)
• Infectious diseases – TB, AIDS
• Cancer ( bone marrow failure)

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16
Q

Which anemia is associated with light, lemon-yellow tinted skin?

A

Untreated pernicious anemia

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17
Q

Which anemia is associated with white waxy appearing skin?

A

Severe anemia resulting from acute hemorrhage

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18
Q

Which hematologic disorder is associated with gray-green/ yellow skin color?

A

Chronic blood loss

19
Q

Which hematologic disorder is associated with gray tinted skin?

A

Leukemia

20
Q

Which hematologic disorder is associated with pale hands or palmar creases?

A

Anemia

21
Q

Which anemia is associated with brittle nail beds?

A

Long standing iron deficiency

22
Q

Which anemia is associated with concave nail beds?

A

Long standing iron deficiency anemia

23
Q

Which hematologic disorder is associated with pale or yellow colored oral mucosa?

A

Anemia

24
Q

What is the total RBC count for men? Women?

A

Men: 4.5-6.2 million/mm^3
Women: 4-5.5 million/mm^3

25
Q

What is the hematocrit percentage for men? Women?

A

Men: 42-52%
Women: 36-46%

26
Q

What is the hemoglobin count for men? Women?

A

Men: 14-16.5 g/dl
Women: 12-15 g/dl

27
Q

In polycythemia/ erythrocytosis, what happens to the blood?

A

• Characterized by increase in the numbers
of RBCs and the concentration of hemoglobin.
• Thickening of the blood, increased clotting
• Increased platelets forming intravascular thrombi

28
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of polycythemia/ erythrocytosis?

A

• Insidious onset with vague complaints
• Most common 1st symptoms are fatigue and SOB
• Maybe dx’d by sudden complications of stroke or thrombosis
• ↑ skin coloration and elevated BP
• Gout is a complication of 1°
• Peripheral vascular neuropathy with
numbness, burning and tingling in hands and feet

29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia?

A

• Series of acute manifestation of symptoms
• Some pts have few symptoms, while
others are affected severely with a
short life span
• CVA’s
• Pain caused by sickle cells is the most common symptom

30
Q

What are some stressors that can result in a sickle cell anemia crisis?

A
  • Viral or bacterial infection
  • Hypoxia
  • Dehydration
  • Emotional disturbance
  • Extreme temperatures
  • Fever
  • Strenuous physical exertion
31
Q

The major groups of leukocytes in blood

A
  • Lymphoid cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells)
  • Monocytes
  • Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of leukocytosis?

A
  • Fever
  • Symptoms of localized or systemic infection
  • Symptoms of inflammation or trauma to tissue
33
Q

What is the normal platelet count in an adult and child?

A

150,000 – 400,000/mm³

34
Q

What defines a critical low platelet count?

A

Less than 30,000

35
Q

What constitutes a critical high platelet count?

A

More than 1,000,000

36
Q

What is thrombocytosis?

A

A usually temporary increase in platelet count

37
Q

What are some ways thrombocytosis may occur?

A 
Severe hemorrhage 
Surgery
Splenectomy
Iron deficiency 
Polycythemia
38
Q

True or false; thrombocytosis may occur with lymphoma

A

False; lung cancer

39
Q

Thrombocytosis may result in a (increase/decrease) clotting 2° to blood viscosity and (increase/decrease) platelet count

A

Increase in clotting and increase in platelet count

40
Q

What are some causes of thrombocytopenia?

A 
• Bone marrow failure 
• Radiation
• Aplastic anemia
• Leukemia
• Metastatic carcinoma
• Cytotoxic agents (chemotherapy) 
• Medications
---Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (including aspirin)
---Methotrexate
---Gold Coumadin/warfarin
41
Q

Which joints may be affected my hemarthrosis, in order of occurrence?

A
  • Knee
  • Elbow
  • Ankle
  • Hip
  • Shoulder
42
Q

What are the musculoskeletal risks of recurrent hemarthrosis?

A

Recurrent results in loss of ROM, muscle atrophy, and flexion contractures

43
Q

What are the signs of symptoms of acute hemarthrosis?

A

• Aura, tingling, or prickling sensation
• Stiffening into the position of comfort
• Decreased range of motion
• Pain
• Swelling
• Tenderness
• Heat

44
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of muscle hemorrhage?

A
  • Gradually intensifying pain
  • Protective spasm of the muscle
  • Limitation of movement at the surrounding joints
  • Muscle assumes the position of comfort (usually shortened)
  • Loss of sensation

Medicine (9 decks)

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