immunologic

Question 1

HIV

Answer 1

Causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Individuals at greatest risk:
Men having sex with men
People who inject drugs

Question 2

acute HIV

Answer 2

*High viral load and very contagious
Flu-like symptoms (within 2–4 weeks post-infection)

Question 3

stages of HIV

Answer 3

acute
latency
advance HIV

Question 4

advanced HIV

Answer 4

*CD4 count < 200 cells/µL
*Vulnerable to opportunistic infection and ADC
Prolonged recovery from illness

Question 5

AIDs

associated conditions

Answer 5

HIV virus results in destruction of CD4 white blood cells (WBCs)
Immune system severely compromised

Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
HIV Neurologic Disease

Question 6

HIV neuro

Answer 6

mem concentration
HA
mtor dysfunction

Question 7

hypersensitivity disorders

Answer 7

An excessive response from the immune system can lead to undesirable reactions and chronic disease states

Question 8

hypersensitivity disorders type 1 immediate

Answer 8

Commonly associated with allergies

Require individual to be sensitized by a specific allergen (ingesting or inhaling the antigen)

Antibodies bound to mast cells, then bind to the antigen
Results in release of histamine & inflammatory cytokines

Question 9

hypersensitivity disorders anaphylaxis

Answer 9

A sudden-onset type I hypersensitivity that can be fatal
Can be due to food allergies, insect stings/ bites, meds (e.g., penicillin), & latex

Question 10

fibromyalgia

Answer 10

Noninflammatory condition appearing with generalized MSK pain in conjunction with
Tenderness to touch in many specific areas of the body

Not an auto-immune disorder, but common in individuals with autoimmune diseases

Question 11

fibromyalgia s/s

Answer 11

Primary:
Myalgia
Swelling
Stiffness
Tender points of palpation
Muscle spasms and/or nodules

Question 12

RA

Answer 12

Autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease
Wrist, hands, and feet joints most commonly impacted first with bilateral & symmetric presentation
Women 2-3x more likely than men

Question 13

criteria for referral of person with early inflamm s/s you might be thinking its RA

Answer 13

Significant discomfort on the compression of the MCP and MTP joints
The presence of three or more swollen joints
A report of morning stiffness lasting longer than 60minutes

Question 14

RA s/s

Answer 14

Swelling in one or more joints, typically symmetrical and bilateral
Morning stiffness lasting several hours
Recurring pain or tenderness in any joint

Question 15

polymyalgia rheumatic s/s

Answer 15

Systemic rheumatic inflammatory disorder with an unknown cause (genetic and environmental factors may contribute)

Bilateral muscle pain/ aching/ stiffness mostly in proximal muscle groups(70% to 95% of patients)
Stiffness upon arising in morning lasting > 30min
Fatigue, malaise, anorexia
Low-grade fever
Headaches
Vision loss

Question 16

SLE systemic lupus
s/s

Answer 16

Chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease
Characterized by injury to the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, and mucous membranes

women more likely

raynauds phenom
photosensitivity
NS involve
kidney

Question 17

scleroderma

Answer 17

Chronic, multi-system disease
Inflammation & fibrosis of many parts of the body

Question 18

scleroderma localized
s/s

Answer 18

Benign, confined to skin or underlying tissue

Circumscribed sclerotic plaques with ivory-colored center
Widespread skin involvement w/ multiple plaques & hyperpigmentation

Question 19

systemic scleroderma

Answer 19

High mortality rate
Multiorgan involvement
Early signs: Raynaud’s phenomenon & GERD

Question 20

psoriatic arthritis - spondyloarthropathy

s/s

Answer 20

Form of peripheral SpA with multiple, heterogenous musculoskeletal & dermatological characteristics
(chronic skin nail disease)
skin lesion
nail lesion
arthritis
ankylosis of spine

Question 21

reactive arthritis - spondyloarthropathy

whats the triad

Answer 21

Presents after a triggering bacterial infection of GI or urogenital tract
Triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis, & nonspecific urethritis

Question 22

lyme disease
s/s
less common s/s
late infection s/s

Answer 22

Bite from deer tick infected with spiral bacterium or spirochete

Migratory musculoskeletal pain
Neurologic symptoms:
Severe headache

Less common SxS
Eye problems such as conjunctivitis

Late Infection SxS
Arthritis, intermittent or chronic
Encephalopathy
neurocog

Question 23

immediate medical attention for immunoloic

Answer 23

Anyone exhibiting SxS of anaphylactic shock (especially vocal hoarseness, difficulty breathing, and chest discomfort/ tightness)

New onset of joint pain with a recent Hx of surgery (bacterial or ReA)

A dusky blue discoloration or erythema accompanied by exquisite tenderness is a sign of a septic (infected) joint
- Ask about a recent Hx of infection of any kind; medical referral is advised