Immunohematology

Question 1

• Branch of immunology which deals with the uses of immunologic principles to study and identify the different blood groups

Answer 1

Immunohematology

Question 2

• Area in the clinical laboratory that collects blood products from donors
• Responsible for preparation and storing whole blood and blood components for transfusion

Answer 2

Blood Bank

Question 3

Received (drank) blood from three young boys in the hopes of curing him. (Unfortunately, the pope and all three children died)

Answer 3

Pope Innocent VII (1492)

Question 4

First animal-to-human transfusion: Bloodletting a 16 year-old boy; Exchanged three ounces of boy’s blood to nine ounce of lamb’s blood.

Answer 4

Jean Baptiste Denis (1667)

Question 5

Second patient: Anton Mauroy who received a calf’s blood. He suffered transfusion reaction but survived and became well.

Answer 5

Jean Baptiste Denis (1667)

Question 6

Transfused sheep blood to a student

Answer 6

Richard Lower

Question 7

Performed the first human-to-human transfusion in 1795

Answer 7

Philip Syng Physick

Question 8

Subsequently performed and published a set of animal experiments which proved that the donor and the recipient must be of the same species

Answer 8

John Henry Leacock

Question 9

Successfully transfused a woman dying from postpartum hemorrhage with blood from her husband in August 1825

Answer 9

James Blundell

Question 10

Observed red cell lysis in the blood of a woman who died after receiving a transfusion of sheep blood

Answer 10

Emil Ponfick

Question 11

Observed that incompatible transfusions were associated with hemorrhage and congestion of the kidneys, lungs, and liver

Answer 11

Emil Ponfick

Question 12

Observation that human red cells would lyse when mixed in vitro with the sera of other animals

Answer 12

Leonard Landois

Question 13

Set the stage for the study of the immunologic basis of blood incompatibility

Answer 13

Leonard Landois

Question 14

was the principal obstacle to overcome in the early practices of blood transfusion

Answer 14

Clotting

Question 15

Discovered the ABO blood group and explained the serious reactions that occur in humans as a result of incompatible transfusions

Answer 15

Karl Landsteiner (1901)

Question 16

Noticed that human blood mixed in test tubes with other specimens of human blood sometimes resulted in agglutination (clumping)

Answer 16

Karl Landsteiner (1901)

Question 17

Discovered blood type AB

Answer 17

Alfred von Descatello and Adriano Sturli (1902)

Question 18

Discovered subgroups of A

Answer 18

von Dungren and Hirszfeld (1911)

Question 19

Discovered the Rh blood group

Answer 19

Karl Landsteiner and Alex Wiener

Question 20

The units of heredity; Often defined at the molecular level as a DNA sequence and are responsible for expression of a trait

Answer 20

Genes

Question 21

One of two or more alternate forms of a gene

Answer 21

Allele

Question 22

The set of genes possessed by an individual organism

Answer 22

Genotype

Question 23

A physical trait whose expression depends on the inherited genes along with environmental factors

Answer 23

Phenotype

Question 24

The 4 possible phenotypes based on ABO blood group is

Answer 24

Blood Type A, Type B. Type AB, and Type O

Question 25

There are three alleles associated with ABO inheritance pattern namely

Answer 25

A, B, O

Question 26

are dominant

Answer 26

Alllele A and B

Question 27

is expressed whether there is only one copy of A (Heterozygous A) or two copies of A (Homozygous A) in the genotype

Answer 27

Allele A

Question 28

is expressed whether there is only one copy of B (Heterozygous B) or two copies of B (Homozygous B) in the genotype

Answer 28

Allele B

Question 29

In genotype AB, alleles that are expressed by the individual

Answer 29

Allele A and Allele B

Question 30

is recessive

Answer 30

Allele O

Question 31

is only expressed if there are two copies of O in the genotype (Genotype OO)

Answer 31

Allele O

Question 32

Aka Forward or cell typing
Determines what antigens are present on the surface of the patient’s red blood cells
Most Routine

Answer 32

Direct Typing

Question 33

Specimen of Direct typing

Answer 33

Whole blood

Question 34

Reagent of Direct typing

Answer 34

Commercially prepared antisera

Question 35

Aka Indirect or Serum Typing
Determines what antibodies are present in the plasma or serum of the patient’s sample

Answer 35

Reverse typing

Question 36

Specimen on Reverse typing

Answer 36

Patient’s Plasma/Serum

Question 37

Reagent of Reverse typing

Answer 37

Red Cell Suspension

Question 38

• Detects the presence or absence of the D antigen on the surface of the red blood cells
• Categorizes individuals as Rh positive or Rh negative

Answer 38

Rh Blood Typing

Question 39

Sample of Rh Blood Typing

Answer 39

Whole Blood

Question 40

Reagent of Rh Blood Typing

Answer 40

Anti-D (Colorless)

Question 41

Presence of the D antigen

Answer 41

Rh positive

Question 42

Absence of the D antigen

Answer 42

Rh negative

Question 43

o Testing the compatibility of the donor blood and the recipient blood

Answer 43

Crossmatching

Question 44

RSDC (Recipient serum + Donor cells): Recipient’s serum is mixed with donor’s red blood cells

Answer 44

Major Crossmatch

Question 45

Detects if the recipient has antibodies which can destroy the transfused red blood cells from the donor.

Answer 45

Major Crossmatch

Question 46

DSRC (Donor serum + Recipient cells): Donor’s serum is mixed with the recipient’s red blood cells

Answer 46

Minor Crossmatch

Question 47

o Detects if there are antibodies in the donor serum that can destroy the patient’s red blood cells.

Answer 47

Minor Crossmatch