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PMLS Midterms > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of blood and its components

A

Hematology

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2
Q

Discovery of the closed circulation of blood

A

William Harvey (1628)

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3
Q

Gave the first description of red blood cells

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674)

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4
Q

Considered as the Father of Hematology

A

William Hewson (1770-1773)

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5
Q

Discovery of:
o White blood cells
o Fibrinogen
o Fundamentals of coagulation
o Glauber’s salt
o Lymphatic circulation

A

William Hewson (1770-1773)

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6
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Coagulation Factor I

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7
Q

the first anticoagulant

A

Glauber’s salt

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8
Q

Substance that prevents clotting of blood

A

Anticoagulant

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9
Q

Discovery of the role of bone marrow in hematopoiesis

A

Franz Ernst Christian Neumann (1868)

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10
Q

Made an independent investigation and subsequent discovery of the role of bone marrow in blood cell production

A

Giulio Bizzozero (1868)

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11
Q

Described platelets as ‘petites plaques’; Description of the role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis

A

Giulio Bizzozero (1888)

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12
Q

Developed the first method of blood cell staining

A

Paul Ehrlich (1878)

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13
Q

Identified the three types of granulocytes, mast cells, and megaloblasts

A

Paul Ehrlich (1878)

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14
Q

Developed the Wright stain

A

James Homer Wright (1902)

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15
Q

remains the foundation of blood cell identification

A

Wright’s Romanowsky-type stain

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16
Q

Credited to be the first individual to perform a blood count

A

Karl Vierordt (1852)

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17
Q

Made a method involving the drawing of blood into a capillary tube and spreading a known volume onto a slide, followed by microscopic analysis

A

Karl Vierordt (1852)

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18
Q

Provided an RBC count without the need for manual counting of individual cells

A

George Oliver (1896)

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19
Q

He created a method was based on the visual (unaided eye) measurement of light loss caused by scattering and absorption in a test tube filled with diluted blood

A

George Oliver (1896)

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20
Q

Refined the method introduced by George Oliver by utilizing a photodetector for measurement of light absorption and
secretion instead of relying on unaided eyes

A

Mercandier et al (1928)

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21
Q
  • Developed cell counting by impedance measurement
  • Based on the fact that cells are poor electrical conductors & that they manifest electrical resistance as they pass through a small aperture
A

Wallace Coulter (1953)

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22
Q

Liquid connective tissue

A

Blood

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23
Q

Components of Plasma

A

91.5% Water, 7% Plasma Proteins, Other solutes 1.5%

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24
Q

Liquid extracellular matrix

A

Plasma

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25
Q

Composes of WBC and platelets

A

Buffy coat

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26
Q

Components of Blood

A

Plasma 55%, RBC 45%

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27
Q

Blood sample is NOT allowed to clot
Blood sample used for collection is anticoagulated

A

Plasma

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28
Q

Pale yellow fluid separated from the blood cells via centrifugation

A

Plasma

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29
Q

Presence of fibrinogen (Factor I) and the other clotting factors

A

Plasma

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30
Q

Blood sample is allowed to clot
Blood sample used for collection is NOT anticoagulated

A

Serum

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31
Q

Often used in serum to hasten the blood clotting process

A

Clot activators

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32
Q

Yellow fluid separated from the blood clot via
centrifugation

A

Serum

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33
Q

Absence of fibrinogen (Factor I)
Absence of Factor V, VIII, XIII

A

Serum

34
Q

Morphology of an RBC

A

Biconcave disc-shaped, Anucleated

35
Q

Cells that contain the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin, which is a pigment that gives whole blood its red color
Functions:
- Transport oxygen from the lungs to the different parts of the body
- Carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs

A

Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)

36
Q

Nucleated cells that defend the body against infection

A

White blood cells (Leukocytes)

37
Q

Cytoplasm contains conspicuous, easily observed granules

A

Granulocytes

38
Q

Cytoplasmic granules are present but are NOT AS OBVIOUSLY OBSERVED as those found in
granulocytes

A

Agranulocytes

39
Q

Cell fragments that play significant roles in coagulation and hemostasis; Contains many vesicles but no nucleus

A

Platelets/ Thrombocyte (Cell fragments)

40
Q

Other names for Neutrophils

A

Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)/ Mature Segmenters

41
Q

Nucleus has 2-5 lobes

A

Neutrophils

42
Q

Cytoplasm has fine, pale lilac granules with NEUTRAL affinity for stains

A

Neutrophil

43
Q

Phagocytic; Respond to bacterial infection

A

Neutrophils

44
Q

Comprises 50-70% of total WBC population

A

Neutrophils

45
Q

Nucleus usually has 2 lobes connected by thick strand of chromatin

A

Eosinophil

46
Q

Cytoplasm contains large, red-orange granules with affinity for ACIDIC stains

A

Eosinophils

47
Q

Responds to parasitic & helminthic infection and allergy; Also characterized to have
phagocytic activity

A

Eosinophils

48
Q

Comprises 1-3% of the total WBC population

A

Eosinophils

49
Q

Nucleus has 2 lobes; Nucleus is not easily observed because it is often covered by large
granules

A

Basophils

50
Q

Water soluble blue-black granules with affinity for BASIC stains

A

Basophils

51
Q

Involved in allergic or hypersensitivity reactions

A

Basophils

52
Q

Comprises 0-2% of the total WBC population

A

Basophils

53
Q

Nucleus is horseshoe or kidney-shaped often with brain-like convolutions

A

Monocytes

54
Q
  • Blue-gray colored, foamy cytoplasm
  • Cytoplasm has very fine azurophilic granules responsible for the characteristic ground glass
    appearance
A

Monocytes

55
Q

Are converted to macrophages as they leave the blood circulation and enter the peripheral
tissues

A

Monocytes

56
Q

are potent phagocytes which defend the body against Mycobacterium spp. and
other bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses

A

Macrophages

57
Q

Comprises 2-11% of the total WBC population

A

Monocytes

58
Q

Round or slightly indented nucleus that occupies majority of the cell area

A

Lymphocytes

59
Q

Scanty cytoplasm with a characteristic Robin’s egg-blue coloration

A

Lymphocytes

60
Q

Lymphocytes are also called

A

Immunocytes

61
Q

Predominant WBC that responds to several viral infections

A

Lymphocytes

62
Q

Comprises 18-42% of the total WBC population

A

Lymphocytes

63
Q

Primarily useful for diagnosis of anemia

A

Hemoglobin determination

64
Q

: Iron-containing oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

65
Q

Condition in which the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying pigment hemoglobin is insufficient to meet physiologic needs

A

Anemia

66
Q

Hemoglobin levels

A

<12.0 g/dL in women and <13.0 g/dL in men

67
Q

Other name for hematocrit determination

A

Packed Cell Volume/Erythrocyte Volume Fraction

68
Q

Volume percentage of red blood cells in a sample of a whole blood

A

Hematocrit determination

69
Q

Used in conjunction with hemoglobin for diagnosis of anemia

A

Hematocrit determination

70
Q

Hemoglobin determination + hematocrit testing

A

H/H test

71
Q

is NEVER performed due to its erroneous nature.

A

Manual RBC count

72
Q

though reported, is NOT commonly used for clinical diagnosis due to its lack of
accuracy

A

Automated RBC Count

73
Q

clinically significant

A

WBC Count

74
Q

infection, allergy, and leukemic
states

A

high WBC count (leukocytosis)

75
Q

viral infections that temporarily
disrupt bone marrow, autoimmune disorders, and immunodeficiency disorders

A

low WBC count (leukopenia)

76
Q

Routine procedure involves observing a total of 100 white blood cells and simultaneously classifying them as either neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

A

. WBC Differential Count (Differential Count)

77
Q

Observation of the size and shape of the red blood cell population of the sample

A

RBC morphology examination

78
Q

Quantification of the platelets of the blood sample

A

Platelet Count

79
Q

Aids in morphological classification of anemia

A

RBC indices

80
Q

Average volume of a single erythrocyte in a given blood sample

A

Mean Cell Volume (MCV)

81
Q

Indicates the average weight of hemoglobin per erythrocyte

A

Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH)

82
Q

Indicates the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes

A

Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

PMLS Midterms (5 decks)

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