Immunoglobulins

Question 1

Effector mechanisms of immunoglobulins and isotypes of each

Answer 1

Neutralisation (IgG),
Opsonisation (IgM, IgE and IgG)
Sensitisation for killing by NK Cells (IgG1 and IgG3)
Sensitisation of mast cells (IgE)
Activation of complement system (IgM and IgG3)

Question 2

Tonegawa 1987 Nobel Prize

Answer 2

Discovery of immune diversity - compared DNA of B cells in embryonic and adult mice - gees in adult mice had moved around, recombined, deleted, form diversity of variable region of antibody (V(D)J recombination)

Question 3

OMENN syndrome

Answer 3

missense mutations in RAG-1/2 genes - combined immunodeficiency - proteins at ends of VJD genes can’t shuffle around and recombine

Question 4

Somatic Hypermutation

Answer 4

After Activation - B cells proliferate rapidly - genes encoding variable domains undergo high rate of point mutation - somatic hypermutation
increases antibody diversity pool and impacts antibody-antigen binding ability - some will bind more and some will less - be discarded, affinity maturation
DEPENDENT UPON HELP FROM T CELLS