Bacteria

Question 1

Vibrio Cholerae Properties (3)

Answer 1

Gram negative, Extracellular, Comma shaped

Question 2

Staph Aureus Properties (3)

Answer 2

Gram positive, Extracellular, Round shaped

Question 3

Neisseria Meningitidis Properties (3)

Answer 3

Gram negative, Extracellular, dipplococcus

Question 4

Strep Pyogenes Properties (3)

Answer 4

Gram positive, Extracellular, round shaped

Question 5

Shigella Properties (3)

Answer 5

Gram negative, intracellular rod shaped

Question 6

Salmonella Properties (3)

Answer 6

Gram negative, intracellular, rod shaped

Question 7

Vibrio Cholera Toxins + mechanism

Answer 7

Cholera toxin - binds to GM1 ganglioside, decreases GTPase, increases adenylate cyclase, electrolyte and water loss

Question 8

Staph Aureus toxins (5)

Answer 8

coagulase, spreading factor, deoxyribonuclease, superantigens, exfoliatives

Question 9

Neisseria Meningitidis toxins (1)

Answer 9

LPS (septic shock)

Question 10

Strep toxins (3)

Answer 10

SpeA +C (superantigens), SpeB (cysteine protease)

Question 11

Shigella toxins (2)

Answer 11

Shiga toxin (enterotoxin) (Stx1 and 2- inhibit protein synthesis in infected cells)

Question 12

Action of Beta-lactams + example

Answer 12

Penicillin, inhibits cross-linking in peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 13

Action of Macrolides + example

Answer 13

Tetracycline, inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30s subunit of ribosome

Question 14

Action of aminoglycosides

Answer 14

inhibition of membrane function

Question 15

Action of sulphonamides

Answer 15

antimetabolites

Question 16

Action of Quinolones

Answer 16

inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 17

Method of penicillin resistance (2)

Answer 17

beta-lactamase - breaks the antibiotic structure, and target site modification

Question 18

method of tetracycline resistance (1)

Answer 18

efflux pump

Question 19

transfer of resistance mechanisms to antibiotics (4)

Answer 19

plasmid-transformation, point mutation, plasmid-conjugation, transduction