Acute Inflammation

Question 1

Four cardinal signs

Answer 1

Swelling, pain, redness, heat (loss of function)

Question 2

Vascular changes

Answer 2

Increased vascular permeability and increased blood flow (mediator = histamine)

Question 3

leukocyte recruitment stages (4) and key molecules involved

Answer 3

1. Margination
2. Rolling ( selectins - most important P-selectin on endothelial cells and P-selectin ligand on leukocyte)
3. Firm adhesion (VCAM-1, CR3, ICAM-1) - integrins on the leukocyte cell surface
4. Transmigration - chemokines create a chemical gradient (PAF)

Question 4

Inflammatory mediators and examples (4)

Answer 4

Vascular effects (Histamine and prostaglandins)
Endothelial activation (IL-1, TNF, IL-6)
Chemotaxis (PAF)
Pain (bradykinin, prostaglandins)