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MedSurg AM > Immunodeficiency disorders > Flashcards

Immunodeficiency disorders Flashcards

1
Q

most common type. About 8-10
million people with psoriasis have this kind.

A

Plaque Psoriasis

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2
Q

first sign of HIV infection.

A

Persistent recurrent vaginal candidiasis

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3
Q

Onset of psoriasis

A

may occur at any age but is most common between the ages of 15 and 35 years

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4
Q

A primary immunodeficiency that is thought to result from a failure of terminal differentiation in IgA-positive B cells.

A

Selective IgA Deficiency

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5
Q

alphainterferon can lead to

A

tumor regression and improved immune system function.

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6
Q

Up to half of those with psoriasis have nail changes. It is even more
common in people who have psoriatic arthritis, which affects the joints

A

Nail Psoriasis

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7
Q

symptoms of HIV encephalopathy

A

memory deficits, headache, difficulty concentrating, progressive confusion, psychomotor slowing, apathy, and ataxia,

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8
Q

This type often starts in children or young adults. It happens 2% of cases. This type of psoriasis may go away within a few weeks, even without treatment. Some cases, though, are more stubborn and require treatment.

A

Guttate Psoriasis

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9
Q

T cells (which normally help protect the body against infection) become active, migrate to the dermis and trigger the release of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNFα, in particular) which cause inflammation and the rapid production of skin cells. It is not known what

A

t

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10
Q

total body surface of psoriasis

A

(erythrodermic
psoriatic state).

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11
Q

Depressive clinical manifestations of AIDS

A

irrational guilt and shame, loss of self-esteem, feelings of helplessness and worthlessness, and suicidal ideation

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12
Q

FOUR CATEGORIES OF INFECTED STATES HAVE BEEN DENOTED:

A
  1. Primary infection (acute/recent HIV infection, acute HIV syndrome)
  2. HIV asymptomatic (CDC Category A)
  3. HIV symptomatic (CDC Category B)
  4. AIDS (CDC Category C)
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13
Q

Plaque Psoriasis is also known as

A

Psoriasis Vulgaris.

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14
Q

Wasting Syndrome (Cachexia) clinical manifestations of AIDS

A

 Multifactorial protein-energy malnutrition
 Profound involuntary weight loss exceeding 10% of baseline body weight
 Either chronic diarrhea (for more than 30 days) or chronic weakness
 Anorexia, diarrhea, gastrointestinal (GI) malabsorption

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15
Q

Sometimes it covers most of the body, which is called “generalized” pustular psoriasis.

A

Pustular Psoriasis

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16
Q

the excessive reproduction of skin cells is secondary to factors produced by the immune system

A

immune- mediated disorder

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17
Q

o It causes pus-filled bumps (pustules) surrounded by red
skin. These may look infectious, but are not.
o Fever, chills, nausea, tachycardia, muscle weakness.

A

Pustular Psoriasis

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18
Q

highly effective for preventing HIV from sex or injection drug use. PrEP is much less effective when it is not taken consistently.

A

PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PrEP)

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19
Q

risk factors of psoriasis

A

o Stress
o Smoking
o Trauma
o Medication
o Infections
o Family history
o Immunocompromised
o Other things that may trigger psoriasis include:
▪ Allergies
▪ Diet
▪ Weather

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20
Q

A condition resulting from arrest of B cell maturation during the early stages of development. a recessive trait that affects only males; have essentially undetectable levels of all serum immunoglobulin.

A

X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Burton’s Agammaglobulinemia).

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21
Q

Immunodeficiency disorders develop due to the following factors:

A
  1. Positive family history (especially in cases of primary type).
  2. Decreased functional capacity of one of the constituents of the immune system, as in
    cases of spleen or tonsils removal or bone marrow depression.
  3. Aging; as we get older, the immune system weakens.
  4. Low protein intake in diet.
  5. Lack of sleep.
  6. Immunosuppressive drugs especially chemotherapy.
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22
Q

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

A

 HIV-related peripheral neuropathy
 HIV encephalopathy
 Cryptococcus neoformans
 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
 Central and peripheral neuropathies

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23
Q

Psoriasis may be associated with asymmetric rheumatoid factor which could be

A

negative arthritis of multiple joints.

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24
Q

topical therapy include tar preparations

A

coal tar topical [Balnetar]), alphahydroxy or salicylic acid, and corticosteroids.

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25
Q

not recommended for use by elderly patients because of their more fragile skin, or in pregnant or lactating
women)

A

Calcipotriene (Dovonex;

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26
Q

Problems with *** are the most common primary immunodeficiency disorders, accounting for more than half.
*The affected component of the immune system may be missing, reduced in number, or abnormal and malfunctioning.

A

B cells

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27
Q

Treatment of depression involves

A

psychotherapy integrated with pharmacotherapy antidepressants [eg, imipramine, desipramine, and fluoxetine] and possibly a psychostimulant [eg, methylphenidate]).

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28
Q

is a type immunodeficiency resulting from severe deficit in CHON and caloric intake

A

Nutritional Deficiency

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29
Q

used for esophageal or oral candidiasis

A

Topical Clotrimazole (Mycelex) oral troches or Nystatin suspensio

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30
Q

Another problem is that up to 25% of people who have an immunodeficiency disorder also have an **

A

autoimmune disorder

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31
Q

type of immunodeficiency resulting from medical treatment such as intake of immunosuppressive drugs, radiation therapy, etc.

A

Iatrogenic Deficiency

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32
Q

is negative attitudes and beliefs about people living with HIV. It is the prejudice that comes with labeling an individual as part of a group that is believed to be socially unacceptable.

A

HIV STIGMA

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33
Q

Serious potential adverse effects of amphotericin B:

A

 anaphylaxis
 renal and hepatic impairment
 electrolyte imbalances
 anemia
 fever
 severe chills

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34
Q

Biologic agents act by inhibiting
activation and migration, eliminating the T cells completely, slowing postsecretory cytokines or inducing immune deviation:

A

Systemic Therapy

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35
Q

B-cell lymphomas tend to develop outside the lymph nodes, most commonly in the ***

A

brain, bone marrow, and GI tract.

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36
Q

Other Types of Immunodeficiencies:

A

Iatrogenic Deficiency
Nutritional Deficiency

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37
Q

for patients with severe depression who do not respond
to pharmacologic interventions.

A

Electroconvulsive therapy

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38
Q

caused by mutations, sometimes in a specific gene. If the mutated gene is on the X (sex) chromosome, the resulting disorder is called an X-linked disorder.

A

Primary immunodeficiency disorders

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39
Q

impair the immune system’s ability to defend the body against foreign or abnormal cells that invade or attack it (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and cancer cells)

A

Immunodeficiency Disorders

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40
Q

formerly referred to as AIDS dementia complex [ADC]

A

HIV encephalopathy

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41
Q

Primary Immunodeficiency Typically become evident during
***
Some primary immunodeficiency
disorders (such as common variable immunodeficiency) are not recognized until adulthood.

A

infancy or childhood

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42
Q

A congenital condition that occur or develop before the 12th week of gestation, when the thymus gland, parathyroid gland and parts of the head, neck and heart are developing; infants born with this defect have partial/complete failure of development of the thymus and parathyroid gland.

A

Digeorge Syndrome

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43
Q

a neurologic manifestation which is a fungal infection

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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44
Q

is caused by diverse genetic mutations that lead to absence of all immune function; opportunistic infections that usually lead to death by the age of 2.

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCIDS)

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45
Q

example of Cellular (T-cell) Immunodeficiencies

A

Digeorge Syndrome

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46
Q

in aids, Possible bone marrow suppression (producing a decrease in white blood cell [WBC]
and platelet counts), oral candidiasis, and liver and renal impairments require close
monitoring.

A

t

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47
Q

refers to an attitude or belief, discrimination is the behaviors
that result from those attitudes or beliefs

A

stigma

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48
Q

medical management for CMV Retinitis

A

Oral Valganciclovir, IV Ganciclovir, IV Ganciclovir followed by oral Valganciclovir, IV
Foscarnet, IV Cidofovir, and the Ganciclovir intraocular implant coupled with
Valganciclovir

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49
Q

This type of psoriasis is the least
common, but it’s very serious and affects most of the body.

A

Erythrodermic or Exfoliative Psoriasis

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50
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma Treatment Goals:

A

o reduce symptoms by decreasing the size of the skin lesions
o reduce discomfort associated with edema and ulcerations
o control symptoms associated with mucosal or visceral involvement.

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51
Q

ASSESSMENT FOR AIDS

A

Nutritional Status
Skin and Mucous Membranes
Respiratory Status
Neurologic Status
Fluid and Electrolyte Status
Level of Knowledge
Use of Alternative Therapies

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52
Q

The common triggers are friction, sweating, and fungal infection.

A

Inverse Psoriasis

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53
Q

Types of psoriasis

A

Plaque Psoriasis
Guttate Psoriasis
Inverse Psoriasis
Pustular Psoriasis
Erythrodermic/Exfoliative Psoriasis Nail Psoriasis
Psoriatic Arthritis

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54
Q

Oncologic:
types of cancer occur often in people with AIDS and are considered AIDS-defining conditions:

A

 Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)
 B-cell lymphomas
 Invasive cervical cancer.

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55
Q

what to assess in Wasting syndrome and fluid and electrolyte disturbances:

A

o monitor weight gain or loss
o skin turgor and dryness
o ferritin levels
o hemoglobin and hematocrit
o electrolytes

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56
Q

Gastrointestinal clinical manifestations of AIDS

A

 Loss of appetite
 Nausea and vomiting
 Oral and esophageal candidiasis (white patches, painful swallowing, retrosternal pain,
and possibly oral lesions)
 Chronic diarrhea

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57
Q

characterized by decreased serum levels of IgM and markedly elevated serum IgA and IgE concentrations; initially is mild but progressively deteriorates

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

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58
Q

for chronic refractory infection with candidiasis (thrush) or esophageal involvement

A

Ketoconazole (Nizoral) or fluconazole (Diflucan)

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59
Q

Patches of skin that are bright red,
smooth, and shiny, but don’t have
scales and getting worse with sweating and rubbing. This type
usually found in these locations:
armpits, groin, under the breasts,
and skin folds around the genitals
and buttocks.

A

Inverse Psoriasis

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60
Q

Immune function should improve with initiation of **, resulting in faster resolution of the opportunistic infection.

A

highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

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61
Q

Alternative therapeutic regimens (mild-to-moderate) for Pneumocystis Pneumonia:

A

o (1) dapsone and TMP
o (2) primaquine plus clindamycin
o (3) atovaquone suspension.

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62
Q

The federal guidelines recommend that PrEP be considered for people who are HIV-negative who:

A

o Have had anal or vaginal sex in the past 6 months
o Have a sexual partner with HIV (especially if the partner has an unknown or
detectable viral load) or
o Have not consistently used a condom or
o Have been diagnosed with an STD in the past 6 months

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63
Q

treatment for lymphoma

A

Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy

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64
Q

is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions.

A

HIV encephalopathy

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65
Q

autoimmune disorder such as ** is common in immunodeficiency disorders

A

immune thrombocytopenia

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66
Q

stage of HIV: fewer than 200 CD4 T lymphocytes/mm3)

A

AIDS (CDC Category C)

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67
Q

CONFIRMATORY TEST for AIDS

A

Western blot assay

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68
Q

signs and symptoms of opportunistic infections:

A

 fever
 malaise
 difficulty breathing
 nausea or vomiting
 diarrhea
 difficulty swallowing
 any occurrences of swelling or discharge.

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69
Q

medications that trigger psoriasis

A

▪ Lithium
▪ Antimalarial drugs
▪ Inderal
▪ Quinidine
▪ Indomethacin

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70
Q

is effective as a palliative measure for kaposis sarcoma

A

radiation therapy

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71
Q

These disorders generally develop later in life and often result from use of certain drugs or from another disorder, such as diabetes or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. They are more common.

A

Secondary Immunodeficiency

72
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS

A

Promoting Skin Integrity
Maintaining Perianal Skin Integrity
Promoting Usual Bowel Patterns
Preventing Infection
Improving Activity Tolerance
Improving Airway Clearance
Relieving Pain and Discomfort
Maintaining Thought Processes
Improving Nutritional Status
Decreasing Sense of Social Isolation
Coping With Grief
Monitoring and Managing Potential Complications

73
Q

formerly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]

A

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

74
Q

Symptoms:
o Painful, stiff joints that are worse in the morning and after rest
o Sausage-like swelling of the fingers and toes
o Warm joints that may be discolored

A

Psoriatic Arthritis

75
Q

symptoms of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

fever, headache, malaise, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, mental
status changes, and seizures

76
Q

 Ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases, such as chancroid, syphilis, and herpes, are
more severe in women with HIV.

A

t

77
Q

PrEP is also recommended for people who inject drugs and
o have an injection partner with HIV or
o share needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs (for example,
cookers).
o PrEP should also be considered for people who have been prescribed nonoccupational post- exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and
o report continued risk behavior, or
o have used multiple courses of PEP.

A

t

78
Q

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

A
79
Q

Selective IgA Deficiency is commonly associated with

A
  • normal B lymphocytes in peripheral blood
  • normal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
  • usually, normal neutrophil and lymphocyte counts
80
Q

examples of Combined T-cell and B-cell Immunodeficiency

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCIDS)

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

81
Q

Clinical manifestations of psoriasis

A

o Lesions — red, raised patches of skin
covered with silvery scales.
o Multiple bleeding points
o Nail pitting, discoloration, crumbling
beneath the free edges, and
separation of the nail plate.
o Acutely ill, with fever, chills, and an
electrolyte imbalance —
erythrodermic psoriasis
* Psychological Considerations:
o Psoriasis may cause despair and
frustration;

82
Q

ASSESSMENT & DIAGNOSTIC METHODS for psoriasis

A

o Presence of classic plaque — type lesions (change histologically progressing from early to chronic plaques)
o Signs of nail and scalp involvement and positive family history

83
Q

If the mutated gene is on the X (sex) chromosome, the resulting disorder is called an ***

A

X-linked disorder

84
Q

Respiratory clinical manifestations of AIDS

A

Shortness of breath, dyspnea, cough, chest pain, and fever

85
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS for psoriasis

A

Promoting Understanding
Increasing Skin Integrity
Improving Self-Concept and Body Image
Monitoring and Managing Complications
Promoting Home-and Community-Based Care Teaching Patients Self-Care

86
Q

PCP prophylaxis can be safely discontinued in patients who are responding to HAART
with a sustained increase in T lymphocytes.

A

t

87
Q

associated with long-term risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and premature aging of
the skin.

A

Photochemotherapy

88
Q

WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT HIV STIGMA?

A

Talk about HIV
Take action

89
Q

Plaque psoriasis causes raised,
inflamed, red skin covered with silvery, white scales. These patches may itch and burn. It can
appear anywhere on the body, but it often pops up in these areas: scalp, elbows, lower back, knees

A

Plaque Psoriasis

90
Q

Gynecologic clinical manifestations of AIDS

A

Persistent recurrent vaginal candidiasis, Ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases, Human papillomavirus

91
Q

If you’re prescribed PEP, you’ll need to take it once or twice daily for ***.

A

28 days

92
Q

are disorders that can result from prolonged (chronic) and/or serious disorders such as diabetes or cancer, drugs and rarely, radiation therapy.

A

Secondary Immunodeficiency Disorders (SID)

93
Q

neurocognitive disorder that is common across the trajectory of HIV infection and may occur in a variety of patterns, with distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSPN) or distal symmetrical polyneuropathy the most frequently occurring type. DSPN can lead to significant pain and decreased function.

A

HIV-related peripheral neuropathy

94
Q

ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS for AIDS

A

 Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
 Western blot assay
 Viral load tests such as target amplification methods.
 OraSure saliva test
 OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 antibody test.

95
Q

are the preferred prophylactic
agents for Mycobacterium Avium Complex

A

Azithromycin (Zithromax) and clarithromycin (Biaxin)

96
Q

Women with HIV have a higher incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and menstrual abnormalities (amenorrhea or bleeding between periods)

A

t

97
Q

o a synthetic analog of somatostatin
o shown to be effective in managing chronic severe diarrhea.

A

Antidiarrheal Therapy
 Octreotide acetate (Sandostatin)

98
Q

current primary therapy for Cryptococcal Meningitis

A

IV Amphotericin B with or without oral flucytosine (5-FC, Ancobon) or fluconazole (Diflucan)

99
Q

DIAGNOSIS of psoriasis

A
  • Risk for infection
  • Disturbed body Image
  • Impaired skin integrity
  • Social isolation
  • Hopelessness
  • Helplessness
  • Deficient knowledge related to Psoriasis
100
Q

acts to reduce inflammation

A

Topical corticosteroid therapy

101
Q

PEP must be started within *** after a recent possible exposure to HIV, but the sooner you start PEP, the better. Every hour counts.

A

72 hours

102
Q

cells that trigger the inflammation
and excessive skin cell reproduction seen in people with psoriasis. This leads to inflammation and flaking of skin.

A

T cells

103
Q

a central nervous system demyelinating disorder

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

104
Q

main goal of management of psoriasis

A

slow the rapid turnover of epidermis,

105
Q

two classifications of immunodeficiency disorders

A
  1. Primary Immunodeficiency
  2. Secondary Immunodeficiency
106
Q

stage of HIV: dramatic drops in CD4 T-cell counts, which are normally between 500 and
1,500 cells/mm3

A

Primary infection (acute/recent HIV infection, acute HIV syndrome)

107
Q

causes venereal warts and is a risk factor for cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia,

A

Human papillomavirus

108
Q

most frequently occurring type of HIV-related peripheral neuropathy

A

distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSPN) or distal symmetrical polyneuropathy

109
Q

RISK FACTORS of HIV

A

 bodily fluids by high-risk behaviors
 injection drug use
 male homosexual relations.
 blood Transfusion
 children born to mothers with HIV infection,
 breast-fed infants of HIV-infected mothers,
 health care workers exposed to needle-stick injury

110
Q

examples of Humoral (B-cell) Immunodeficiency

A

X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Burton’s Agammaglobulinemia)

Selective IgA Deficiency

111
Q

Three types of therapy are standard:

A

topical, systemic, and phototherapy.

112
Q

Secondary Immunodeficiency can be a result of another disorder like

A

diabetes or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

113
Q

patients should
avoid drinking alcohol, should
not be administered to pregnant
women.

A

Methotrexate

114
Q

when the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. Sometimes the autoimmune disorder develops before the immunodeficiency causes any symptoms.

A

Autoimmune disorder

115
Q

Alternative therapeutic regimens (moderate-to-severe) for Pneumocystis Pneumonia:

A

o (1) primaquine plus clindamycin
o (2) intravenous (IV) pentamidine.

116
Q

It is a condition where the affected person have both psoriasis and arthritis. In 70% of cases, people have psoriasis for about 10 years before getting psoriatic arthritis. About 90% of people with it also have nail changes.

A

Psoriatic Arthritis

117
Q

AIDS are associated with
opportunistic infections, such as those caused by *** , the most common infection),

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci (Pneumocystis pneumonia [PCP]

118
Q

o Widespread, fiery skin that appears to be burned.
o Severe illness from protein and fluid loss, infection, pneumonia, or
congestive heart failure.
Other symptoms include:
o Severe itching, burning, or peeling
o Tachycardia
o Changes in body temperature

A

Erythrodermic or Exfoliative Psoriasis

119
Q

is an alternative prophylactic agent, although drug interactions may make this agent difficult to use for Mycobacterium Avium Complex

A

Rifabutin

120
Q

is the treatment of choice for Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)

121
Q

what to assess in Respiratory failure and impaired breathing:

A

 monitor ABG values
 oxygen saturation
 respiratory rate and pattern
 breath sounds

122
Q

adjunctive corticosteroids should be started as early as possible (and certainly within 72 hours) for Pneumocystis Pneumonia

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)

123
Q

are additional nonsteroidal
agents.

A

Tazarotene (Tazorac) as well as
vitamin D

124
Q

Triggers of this psoriasis include: suddenly stopping the systemic psoriasis treatment, allergic drug reaction, severe sunburn, infection, medications such as lithium, antimalarial drugs, cortisone, or strong coal tar products. This may
also happen if the psoriasis is hard to control.

A

Erythrodermic or Exfoliative Psoriasis

125
Q

stage of HIV: 200 to 499 CD4 T lymphocytes/mm3)

A

HIV symptomatic (CDC Category B)

126
Q

taking antiretroviral medicines (ART) after being potentially exposed to HIV to prevent becoming infected.

A

POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP)

127
Q

a chronic, noninfectious, inflammatory disease of the skin in which the production of epidermal cells occurs faster than
normal. The primary defect is unknown.

Bilateral symmetry often exists.

A

PSORIASIS

128
Q

Integumentary clinical manifestations of AIDS

A

KS, herpes simplex, and herpes zoster viruses and various forms of dermatitis associated with painful vesicles

129
Q

may develop in which the disease progresses to involve the total body surface (erythrodermic
psoriatic state).

A

exfoliative psoriatic state

130
Q

defined as the most severe form of a continuum of illnesses associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

A

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)

131
Q

may be used for severely
debilitating psoriasis.

A

Psoralens and ultraviolet A (PUVA)
therapy

132
Q

Goals for the patient for psoriasis

A

o achievement and maintenance of skin integrity
o improved thought processes
o absence of infection
o increased comfort
o increased socialization
o increased knowledge regarding disease
o absence of complications

133
Q

cancer that is the most common HIV-related malignancy and involves the endothelial layer of blood and lymphatic vessels (exhibits a variable and aggressive course, ranging from localized cutaneous lesions to disseminated disease involving multiple organ systems).

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)

134
Q

the act of treating people living with HIV
differently than those without HIV

A

HIV discrimination

135
Q

These types of lymphomas are characteristically of a higher grade, indicating aggressive growth and resistance to treatment.

A

B-cell lymphomas

136
Q

Guttate psoriasis small, pink-red spots on the skin. They often appear on the scalp, upper arms, trunk, and thighs

A

Guttate Psoriasis

137
Q

used to slow the
overactive epidermis

A

Topical treatment

138
Q

this psoriasis triggers include:
topical medicine or systemic medicine especially steroids, suddenly stopping systemic drugs or strong topical steroids that you used over a large area of your body, getting too much ultraviolet (UV) light without using sunscreen, pregnancy, infection, stress, and
exposure to certain chemical.

A

Pustular Psoriasis

139
Q

(tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNFα, in particular) which cause inflammation and the rapid production of skin cells. It is not known what
initiatesthe activation of the T cells.

A

cytokines

140
Q

Collaborative Problems/Potential Complications

A

 Opportunistic infections
 Impaired breathing or respiratory failure
 Wasting syndrome and fluid and electrolyte imbalance
 Adverse reaction to medications

141
Q

symptoms of Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

A

mental confusion, blindness, aphasia, muscle weakness, paresis, and death.

142
Q

X-linked disorders occur more often in what gender

A

boys

143
Q

disorders are usually present at
birth and are genetic disorders that are usually hereditary.

A

Primary Immunodeficiency

144
Q

Other common adverse effects of CMV Retinitis management

A

 seizures
 GI tract disturbances
 anemia
 phlebitis at the infusion site
 low back pain

145
Q

more than 100 primary immunodeficiency disorders. All are relatively rare.

A

Primary Immunodeficiency

146
Q

Adverse effects of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)

A

hypotension, impaired glucose metabolism leading to the development of diabetes mellitus from damage to the pancreas, renal damage, hepatic dysfunction, and neutropenia.

147
Q

used to treat generalized
plaque and may be combined with
the topical cream, calcipotriene
(Dovonex).

A

Ultraviolet B (UVB) light therapy

148
Q

Other common infections involving the nervous system include:

A

o Toxoplasma gondii
o CMV
o Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.

149
Q

Most important principle of psoriasis treatment:

A

Gentle removal of scales (bath oil, coal tar preparations, and a soft brush used to scrub the psoriatic
plaques).

150
Q

what does it signify when there are Acutely ill, with fever, chills, and an electrolyte imbalance

A

erythrodermic psoriasis

151
Q

infants born with Digeorge Syndrome have partial/complete
failure of development of the **

A

thymus and parathyroid gland

152
Q

Prevention of Opportunistic Infections

use for HIV patients who have a T-cell count of fewer than 200 cells/mm3 to prevent PCP.

A

Chemoprophylaxis with TMP-SMZ (Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim)

153
Q

is when people at risk for HIV take daily medicine to prevent HIV

A

PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PrEP)

154
Q

may be used to treat infections caused by herpes simplex or herpes zoster.

A

Oral Acyclovir, Famciclovir, or Valacyclovir

155
Q

This kind of psoriasis is uncommon and mostly appears in adults. This type may show up on one area of the body, such as the hands and feet

A

Pustular Psoriasis

156
Q

Main sites of the body affected in psoriasis

A

scalp, areas over the elbows and knees, lower part of the back, and genitalia, as well as the
nails.

157
Q

kinds of Photochemotherapy

A
  • Psoralens and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy
  • Ultraviolet B (UVB) light therapy
  • Excimer laser therapy
158
Q

HIV belongs to a group of viruses known as **.

A

retroviruses

159
Q

A wide range of conditions characterized by decreased or inability of the body to effect both humoral and cellular mediated immunity.

A

Combined T-cell and B-cell Immunodeficiency

160
Q

Prognosis
* Psoriasis is a lifelong condition.
* There is currently no cure but various treatments can help to control the symptoms.
* Many of the most effective agents used to treat severe psoriasis carry an increased risk of significant morbidity
including skin cancers, lymphoma and liver disease. However, the majority of people’s experience of psoriasis is that
of minor localized patches, particularly on the elbows and knees, which can be treated with topical medication.

A

t

161
Q

a cellular change that is frequently a precursor to cervical
cancer.
Women with HIV are 10 times more likely to develop it.

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

162
Q

t refers to a wide variety of conditions which are characterized by insufficient or inability to effect humoral mediated immunity; increases the risk of recurrent pyogenic infections.

A

Humoral (B-cell) Immunodeficiency

163
Q

Adverse reactions to Foscarnet:

A

nephrotoxicity (Acute Renal Failure)
electrolyte imbalances (hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and
hypomagnesemia)

164
Q

is related to an abnormal immune system that produces too many of the immune cells, called T cells, in the skin

A

psoriasis

165
Q

” happens when a person takes in the negative ideas and stereotypes about people
living with HIV and start to apply them to themselves.

A

“Internalized stigma” or “self-stigma”

166
Q

how to soften thick scales.

A

Application of emollient creams containing alpha-hydroxy acids (Lac-Hydrin, Penederm) or salicylic acid after bathing

167
Q

It refers to a wide variety of conditions which are characterized by insufficient or inability to effect cell mediated immunity

A

Cellular (T-cell) Immunodeficiencies

168
Q

The basal skin cells divide too quickly, and the newly formed cells become evident
as profuse scales or plaques of epidermal tissue. As a result of the increased number of basal cells and rapid cell passage,
the normal events of cell maturation and growth cannot occur, which prevents the normal protective layers of the skin
to form

A

PSORIASIS

169
Q

Adverse reaction to Ganciclovir: which limits the concomitant use of zidovudine (azidothymidine [AZT], Compound S, Retrovir)

A

severe neutropenia

170
Q

stage of HIV: more than 500 CD4 T lymphocytes/mm3)

A

HIV asymptomatic (CDC Category A)

171
Q

treatment for Mycobacterium Avium Complex disease if they have a CD4 count fewer than 50 cells/L.

A

chemoprophylaxis

172
Q

Undetectable = Untransmittable

A

t

173
Q

are the second most common malignancy
They tend to develop outside the lymph nodes, most commonly in the brain, bone marrow, and GI tract.

A

B-cell lymphomas

174
Q

Primary immunodeficiency disorders are classified by which part of the immune system is affected:

A
  1. Humoral (B-cell) Immunodeficiency.
  2. Cellular (T-cell) Immunodeficiencies
  3. Combined T-cell and B-cell Immunodeficiency.
  4. Other Types of Immunodeficiencies:
175
Q

Symptoms:
o Pitting of your nails
o Tender, painful nails
o Separation of the nail from the bed
o Color changes (yellow-brown)
o Chalk-like material under your nails

A

Nail Psoriasis

176
Q

viruses that carry their
genetic material in the form of ribonucleic acid (RNA) rather than deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA).

A

retroviruses

177
Q

Major indications of disorders include:

A
  1. Multiple infections despite aggressive treatment
  2. Infections with unusual or opportunistic organisms
  3. Failure to thrive or poor growth
  4. Positive family history

MedSurg AM (3 decks)

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