immunodeficiencies Flashcards
immunodeficiencies.
types of immune deficiencies :-
- Primary Immunodeficiencies:
These are inherited disorders that affect the development or functioning of the immune system. Some examples include:
A)- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID): SCID is a group of rare disorders characterized by severe impairment of both the T-cell and B-cell immune responses.
Individuals with SCID are highly susceptible to infections and often require specialized medical care, including bone marrow or stem cell transplantation.
B) Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): low levels of immunoglobulins (antibodies) .
and increased susceptibility to infections, particularly in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
C) X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA):
XLA is a genetic disorder that primarily affects males. It is characterized by the absence or extremely low levels of immunoglobulins, leading to increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, particularly in the respiratory tract.
D) DiGeorge Syndrome:
DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a chromosomal abnormality and is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the thymus and parathyroid glands. This results in immune system abnormalities and various health problems.
- Secondary Immunodeficiencies:
These are acquired disorders that result from factors outside the immune system, such as infections, medications, or other medical conditions. Some examples include:
A) HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system and leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
B) Chronic illnesses: Conditions such as
diabetes — chronic kidney disease— and liver disease can impair the functioning of the immune system and increase the risk of infections.
C) Medications: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs used in organ transplantation, can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of infections.
It’s important to note that this is not an exhaustive list, and there are many other types of immune deficiencies with varying causes and manifestations. If you suspect you or someone you know may have an immune deficiency, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.
