CBC Flashcards
WBCs
NR ( 4000 — 11000)
A) leukocytosis ——-> ^ WBCs
What causes leukocytosis?
Leukocytosis is most commonly caused by infection or inflammation. Other high white blood cell count causes may include:
1- Excessive physical or emotional stress (such as fever, injury or surgery).
2- Burns.
3- Immune system disorders such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
4- Thyroid problems.
5- Dental caries (cavities).
6- Certain medicines, including lithium, corticosteroids and beta-agonists.
Allergies.
7- Splenectomy (removal of your spleen).
8- Smoking.
9- Obesity.
- Less commonly, leukocytosis is associated with:
- Leukemia.
- Lymphoma.
- Bone marrow disorders such as polycythemia vera or myelofibrosis.
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B) leukopenia ——> ¥ WBCs
What causes leukopenia?
People may develop leukopenia because they have certain medical conditions, take certain medications or have malnutrition and/or don’t get enough of certain vitamins. Medical conditions include:
1) Bone marrow disorders:
- Leukemia
-Multiple myeloma:
Your body produces cancerous plasma cells in your bone marrow. - Aplastic anemia:
Your bone marrow doesn’t produce enough blood cells. - Polycythemia vera:
Your body makes too many red blood cells, which causes your blood to thicken. - Myelodysplastic syndromes:
A group of diseases characterized by your bone marrow not producing enough healthy blood cells (anemia).
2)Autoimmune diseases:
What’s a list of autoimmune diseases?
Some common autoimmune diseases include:
• Diseases of the joints and muscles:
Psoriatic arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Sjögren’s syndrome.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (Lupus, SLE).
• Diseases of the digestive tract:
Crohn’s disease.
Celiac disease.
Ulcerative colitis.
• Diseases of the endocrine system:
Graves’ disease.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Addison’s disease.
• Diseases of the skin:
Dermatomyositis.
Psoriasis.
• Diseases of the nervous system:
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).
Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Multiple sclerosis (MS).
• Other diseases:
Myasthenia gravis.
Autoimmune vasculitis.
Type 1 diabetes.
Pernicious anemia.
Vasculitis.
3) Infections: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Neutrophils
NR = 2500-7500
A) Neutrophilia ——> ^ Neutrophils
Neutrophilia refers to an elevated number of neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell, in the blood. Neutrophils are an essential component of the immune system and play a crucial role in fighting off bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophilia can occur in response to various physiological and pathological conditions. Here are some key points about neutrophilia:
- Definition: Neutrophilia is generally defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) above the normal reference range. The normal range can vary slightly depending on the laboratory, but it is typically around 2,500 to 7,500 neutrophils per microliter of blood.
- Causes: Neutrophilia can be caused by several factors, including:
- Infections: Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, appendicitis, or urinary tract infections, are common causes of neutrophilia.
- Inflammatory conditions: Inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease, can trigger an increase in neutrophil production.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), can cause neutrophilia as a side effect.
- Stress and exercise: Intense physical activity, stress, or emotional excitement can temporarily increase neutrophil levels.
- Smoking: Smoking cigarettes can lead to a chronic elevation in neutrophil count.
B) neutropenia ——> ¥ Neutrophils
Mild neutropenia: 1,000 – 1,500.
Moderate neutropenia: 500 – 1,000.
Severe neutropenia: Less than 500.
What causes neutropenia?
Neutropenia happens when your bone marrow doesn’t make enough neutrophils, when your neutrophils break down too soon or when neutrophils get destroyed.
• Genetic conditions:
- benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN),
- cyclic neutropenia
- severe congenital neutropenia.
Infections:
Viral, bacterial and parasitic infections can cause neutropenia.
Common causes include HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, sepsis, and Lyme disease,
Cancer:
leukemia and lymphoma
Medications: Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy can harm or destroy neutrophils
Nutritional deficiencies: Not having enough vitamins or minerals such as vitamin B12, folate or copper in your diet can cause neutropenia.
Autoimmune deficiencies: With certain
autoimmune conditions, your body makes antibodies that destroy healthy neutrophils. Autoimmune conditions include Crohn’s disease, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis, among others.
