IMMUNO LECTURE 1 Flashcards
define immunity
free from burden of infectious disease
define immunology
study of host defense against infections disease and neoplasm and the undesirable consequesces of immune interactions
what is innate immunity
the 1st line of defense again muicroorganisms
what is adaptive immunity
composed of anitubyband cell mediated imminity specifid immune response agains antigens, exhibits immunologic memory faster and more vigorous secondary immune response
what are the two arms of immunity
innate and adaptive
how specific are adaptive immunie responses
exquisitely specific
how does adaptive immunity work on a general term
immune responses are generated toward determinants or epitopes
how is specificty in adaptive immunity due to what
to lymphocytes having cell membrane receptors
each lymphocyte has how many specificities
just one
what are eptiope
differnte parts of the antigen that antibodies responde to
what happends the secound time you are exposed to a disease
its faster and more vigorous in the immune response to re exposure
what causes the re exposure resposne
memory cells remembering the same antigen and attacking it
about how many antigens can we respond to
at least a billion maybe 10 billion
how is diversity achieved in adaptive immunity
due to the expression of cell surface receptors that can react with divers numbers of antigens
what happends adaptive immunity over time
they abate with time due to removal of antigen , death of activated lymphocytes and regulatory immune mechanisms
what does discrimination of self vs non self mean
that the immune system is directed to attack foreign bodies and not your own body
how does the body discriminate self from non self
the body will destroy the Self attacking immune cells excdpt in autoimmunne disease
name some physical barriers
skin tears stomach saliva stomach saliva mucus can help prevent infections from developing
what is the first form of immunity to be activated
innate immunity
does innate immunity behave different for different pathogens
no same response every time
what are the characterists of innate immunity
antigen nonspecific, exists prior to exposure, always availible
what are the componests of innate immunity
phagocyres natural killer cells complement interferon and acute phase protiens
what are the two main phagocytosis cells
macrophges and neurtophills
what do macrophages do
they remove dead cells inhaled particle aaged RBC secrete hormones
what do neutrophils do
same as macrophages
where do you usually fine nuertoph9ls
in the blood stram about 50 percent and 50 in marginal blood pool
what is the first step for phagocytosis
attachment phase antigen specific, suger coated cells need to be opsonized to attach ..polysacharrides..
what is opsonization mean
coating of a microbe or particle with anitbody or completement to facilitat phagocytosis
name one good opsonizine
CB3 is a good one
what do toll like receptors do
they assist in the binding opsonized the cell lots of diffent ones
what is the secound step of phagocytosis
ingestion phase psdudopods wrap around the particle and the fuze I inside
what is phagosome
once the microbe in internilsed in the intecellular compartment it called a phagosome
what is the third step of phagocytosis
digestion phse lysosomes fuse with produes and degrade it
what is the fourth step of phagocytosis
disposal phase reuse of the good stuff and too much indegestible lead to cell death …puss
what is another function of phagocytic cells
respitory burst NADPH oxidase, chemotaxis
what is chemotaxis
the directed movement up a chemical concentration gradient of a chemotactic factor, sniff out a gradiante and go there
what is an example of a chemotatic factor
C5a, leukotriene, and bacterial lipids and protiens
what are the characteris of a natural killer cell
they are your first line of defense against virus infected cells, large granular lymphoctes don’t recognize antigens
what is ADCC and what mediates it
natural killer cells meciate, anitbody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity,
what activates NKC
interleukin 2 or inteferions
what are complement cascades
a series of suluble protiens used in the innate response, one activates another activates another
what does the complement cascade do
it pokes pores in the cell surface, death by osmotic lysis and opsonizes anitgen to promote phagocutosis
what are three compliment pathways
lectin pathway classicle pathway or anternative pathway
how do you active the classicle compliment pathway
you need at least a sing IgM or tow IgG next to each othe
how do you activate the alternative pathway
C3 hydrolysis
how do you activate he MBK pathway
with activated mannos
what does MAC do in the compliment pathways
it forms the holes leads to osmotic lysis
what does C3B do in the compliment pathways
promote phagoytosis through opsinize and shucttles it to the liver and the spleen
what do c5a c3a do in the compliment pathway
act as a chmoacctractant chemottaxis of neurtophils
what does C3Ba and cra and c5ado in the compliment pathways
bind to the mast cells and basophils hitamine release
what happends when you are missing the c5-c9 parts of the MAC
you cannot cause the pores or holes and leads to menigytitus
what happendss when you are missing the C1 inhibitor
agioedema
what are interforirs
inhibit viral replication via paracrin action enchance NK cells and increa expression of MHC molecules
CRP and MBL produced by the liver in acute phase proteins do what
they act as opsonins
