IMMUNO LECTURE 1

Question 1

define immunity

Answer 1

free from burden of infectious disease

Question 2

define immunology

Answer 2

study of host defense against infections disease and neoplasm and the undesirable consequesces of immune interactions

Question 3

what is innate immunity

Answer 3

the 1st line of defense again muicroorganisms

Question 4

what is adaptive immunity

Answer 4

composed of anitubyband cell mediated imminity specifid immune response agains antigens, exhibits immunologic memory faster and more vigorous secondary immune response

Question 5

what are the two arms of immunity

Answer 5

innate and adaptive

Question 6

how specific are adaptive immunie responses

Answer 6

exquisitely specific

Question 7

how does adaptive immunity work on a general term

Answer 7

immune responses are generated toward determinants or epitopes

Question 8

how is specificty in adaptive immunity due to what

Answer 8

to lymphocytes having cell membrane receptors

Question 9

each lymphocyte has how many specificities

Answer 9

just one

Question 10

what are eptiope

Answer 10

differnte parts of the antigen that antibodies responde to

Question 11

what happends the secound time you are exposed to a disease

Answer 11

its faster and more vigorous in the immune response to re exposure

Question 12

what causes the re exposure resposne

Answer 12

memory cells remembering the same antigen and attacking it

Question 13

about how many antigens can we respond to

Answer 13

at least a billion maybe 10 billion

Question 14

how is diversity achieved in adaptive immunity

Answer 14

due to the expression of cell surface receptors that can react with divers numbers of antigens

Question 15

what happends adaptive immunity over time

Answer 15

they abate with time due to removal of antigen , death of activated lymphocytes and regulatory immune mechanisms

Question 16

what does discrimination of self vs non self mean

Answer 16

that the immune system is directed to attack foreign bodies and not your own body

Question 17

how does the body discriminate self from non self

Answer 17

the body will destroy the Self attacking immune cells excdpt in autoimmunne disease

Question 18

name some physical barriers

Answer 18

skin tears stomach saliva stomach saliva mucus can help prevent infections from developing

Question 19

what is the first form of immunity to be activated

Answer 19

innate immunity

Question 20

does innate immunity behave different for different pathogens

Answer 20

no same response every time

Question 21

what are the characterists of innate immunity

Answer 21

antigen nonspecific, exists prior to exposure, always availible

Question 22

what are the componests of innate immunity

Answer 22

phagocyres natural killer cells complement interferon and acute phase protiens

Question 23

what are the two main phagocytosis cells

Answer 23

macrophges and neurtophills

Question 24

what do macrophages do

Answer 24

they remove dead cells inhaled particle aaged RBC secrete hormones

Question 25

what do neutrophils do

Answer 25

same as macrophages

Question 26

where do you usually fine nuertoph9ls

Answer 26

in the blood stram about 50 percent and 50 in marginal blood pool

Question 27

what is the first step for phagocytosis

Answer 27

attachment phase antigen specific, suger coated cells need to be opsonized to attach ..polysacharrides..

Question 28

what is opsonization mean

Answer 28

coating of a microbe or particle with anitbody or completement to facilitat phagocytosis

Question 29

name one good opsonizine

Answer 29

CB3 is a good one

Question 30

what do toll like receptors do

Answer 30

they assist in the binding opsonized the cell lots of diffent ones

Question 31

what is the secound step of phagocytosis

Answer 31

ingestion phase psdudopods wrap around the particle and the fuze I inside

Question 32

what is phagosome

Answer 32

once the microbe in internilsed in the intecellular compartment it called a phagosome

Question 33

what is the third step of phagocytosis

Answer 33

digestion phse lysosomes fuse with produes and degrade it

Question 34

what is the fourth step of phagocytosis

Answer 34

disposal phase reuse of the good stuff and too much indegestible lead to cell death …puss

Question 35

what is another function of phagocytic cells

Answer 35

respitory burst NADPH oxidase, chemotaxis

Question 36

what is chemotaxis

Answer 36

the directed movement up a chemical concentration gradient of a chemotactic factor, sniff out a gradiante and go there

Question 37

what is an example of a chemotatic factor

Answer 37

C5a, leukotriene, and bacterial lipids and protiens

Question 38

what are the characteris of a natural killer cell

Answer 38

they are your first line of defense against virus infected cells, large granular lymphoctes don’t recognize antigens

Question 39

what is ADCC and what mediates it

Answer 39

natural killer cells meciate, anitbody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity,

Question 40

what activates NKC

Answer 40

interleukin 2 or inteferions

Question 41

what are complement cascades

Answer 41

a series of suluble protiens used in the innate response, one activates another activates another

Question 42

what does the complement cascade do

Answer 42

it pokes pores in the cell surface, death by osmotic lysis and opsonizes anitgen to promote phagocutosis

Question 43

what are three compliment pathways

Answer 43

lectin pathway classicle pathway or anternative pathway

Question 44

how do you active the classicle compliment pathway

Answer 44

you need at least a sing IgM or tow IgG next to each othe

Question 45

how do you activate the alternative pathway

Answer 45

C3 hydrolysis

Question 46

how do you activate he MBK pathway

Answer 46

with activated mannos

Question 47

what does MAC do in the compliment pathways

Answer 47

it forms the holes leads to osmotic lysis

Question 48

what does C3B do in the compliment pathways

Answer 48

promote phagoytosis through opsinize and shucttles it to the liver and the spleen

Question 49

what do c5a c3a do in the compliment pathway

Answer 49

act as a chmoacctractant chemottaxis of neurtophils

Question 50

what does C3Ba and cra and c5ado in the compliment pathways

Answer 50

bind to the mast cells and basophils hitamine release

Question 51

what happends when you are missing the c5-c9 parts of the MAC

Answer 51

you cannot cause the pores or holes and leads to menigytitus

Question 52

what happendss when you are missing the C1 inhibitor

Answer 52

agioedema

Question 53

what are interforirs

Answer 53

inhibit viral replication via paracrin action enchance NK cells and increa expression of MHC molecules

Question 54

CRP and MBL produced by the liver in acute phase proteins do what

Answer 54

they act as opsonins