Immuno - Immunosuppressants (Recombinant cytokines & Therapeutic antibodies)

Question 1

Name 9 recombinant cytokines.

Answer 1

(1) Epoeitin alfa (erythropoietin) (2) Thrombopoietin (3) Oprelvekin (IL-11) (4) Filgrastim (GCSF) (5) Sargramostim (GMCSF) (6) Aldesleukin (IL-2) (7) IFN-alpha (8) IFN-beta (9) IFN-gamma

Question 2

What is the name of the recombinant agent for erythropoietin? What is its clinical use, and especially in what context?

Answer 2

Epoetin alfa (erythropoietin); Anemias (especially in renal failure)

Question 3

What is the clinical use of (recombinant) thrombopoietin?

Answer 3

Thrombopoietin; Thrombocytopenia

Question 4

What is the name of the recombinant agent for interleukin-11? What is its clinical use?

Answer 4

Oprelvekin (interleukin-11); Thrombocytopenia

Question 5

What is the name of the recombinant agent for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor? What is its clinical use?

Answer 5

Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor); Recovery of bone marrow

Question 6

What is the name of the recombinant agent for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor? What is its clinical use?

Answer 6

Sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor); Recovery of bone marrow

Question 7

What is the name of the recombinant agent for interleukin-2? What are 2 of its clinical uses?

Answer 7

Aldesleukin (interleukin-2); Renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma

Question 8

What are 6 clinical uses of (recombinant) IFN-alpha?

Answer 8

(1) Chronic hepatitis B and C (2) Kaposi sarcoma (3) Hairy cell leukemia (4) Condyloma acuminatum (5) Renal cell carcinoma (6) Malignant melanoma

Question 9

What is the clinical use of (recombinant) IFN-beta?

Answer 9

Multiple sclerosis

Question 10

What is the clinical use of (recombinant) IFN-gamma?

Answer 10

Chronic granulomatous disease

Question 11

What are 5 therapeutic antibodies used as cancer therapy?

Answer 11

(1) Alemtuzumab (2) Bevacizumab (3) Cetuximab (4) Rituximab (5) Trastuzumab

Question 12

What is the target of Alemtuzumab? What is its clinical use?

Answer 12

CD52; CLL; Think: “aLYMtuzumab - chronic LYMphocytic leukemia”

Question 13

What is the target of Bevacizumab? What are 2 of its clinical uses?

Answer 13

VEGF; (1) Colorectal cancer (2) Renal cell carcinoma

Question 14

What is the target of Cetuximab? What are 2 of its clinical uses?

Answer 14

EGFR; (1) Stage IV colorectal cancer (2) Head and neck cancer

Question 15

What is the target of Rituximab? What are 3 of its clinical uses?

Answer 15

CD20; (1) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2) Rheumatoid arthritis (with MTX) (3) ITP

Question 16

With what is Rituximab used to treat Rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 16

Rheumatoid arthritis (with MTX)

Question 17

What is the target of Trastuzumab? What are 2 of its clinical uses?

Answer 17

HER2/neu; Think: “HER2 - tras2zumab”; (1) Breast cancer (2) Gastric cancer

Question 18

What are 3 therapeutic antibodies used for autoimmune disease therapy?

Answer 18

(1) Infliximab (2) Adalimumab (3) Natalizumab

Question 19

What is the target of Infliximab? What other therapeutic antibody has this target?

Answer 19

TNF-alpha; Adalimumab

Question 20

What are 2 therapeutic antibodies that target TNF-alpha? What are 4 clinical uses for them?

Answer 20

Infliximab, Adalimumab; Think: “Rheumatoid arthritis ‘INFLIX’ pain in ‘DA LIMbs’”; (1) IBD (2) Rheumatoid arthritis (3) Ankylosing spondylitis (4) Psoriasis

Question 21

What is the target of Natalizumab? What is this target’s function?

Answer 21

Alpha4-integrin: leukocyte adhesion

Question 22

What are 2 clinical uses for Natalizumab?

Answer 22

(1) Multiple sclerosis (2) Crohn disease

Question 23

What risk is associated with Natalizumab, and in what patient population?

Answer 23

Risk of PML in patients with JC virus

Question 24

What is the target of Abciximab? What is its clinical use?

Answer 24

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa; Think: “IIb times IIIa equals ‘abSIXimab’”; Anti-platelet agent for prevention of ischemic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Question 25

What is the target of Denosumab? What is its clinical use? How does Denosumab work, and what substance does it mimic?

Answer 25

RANKL; Osteoporosis; Inhibits osteoclast maturation (mimics osteoprotegrin); Think: "denOSumab affect OSteoclasts"

Question 26

What is the target of Digoxin immune Fab? What is its clinical use?

Answer 26

Digoxin; Antidote for digoxin toxicity

Question 27

What is the target for Omalizumab? What is its clinical use? How does this work?

Answer 27

IgE; Allergic asthma; Prevents IgE bindings to Fc(Epsilon)RI

Question 28

What is the target for Palivizumab? What is its clinical use?

Answer 28

RSV F protein; RSV prophylaxis for high-risk infants; Think: "paliVIzumab - VIrus"