Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FA - Immunology > Immuno - Immune Responses (Cytokines & Cell Surface Proteins) > Flashcards

Immuno - Immune Responses (Cytokines & Cell Surface Proteins) Flashcards

Pg. 205-206 in First Aid 2014 Pg. 200-201 in First Aid 2013 Sections include: -Important cytokines -Interferon alpha and Beta (mechanism) -Cell surface proteins

1
Q

What are 5 cytokines that are secreted by macrophages?

A

(1) IL-1 (2) IL-6 (3) IL-8 (4) IL-12 (5) TNF-alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of cytokine is IL-1? What other cytokine is like this?

A

An endogenous pyrogen; IL-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 3 effects does IL-1 have?

A

(1) Causes fever, acute inflammation. (2) Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules; (3) induces chemokine secretion to recruit leukocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of cytokine is IL-6? What other cytokine is like this?

A

An endogenous pyrogen; IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cells secrete IL-6?

A

Macrophages; Also secreted by Th2 cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What effects does IL-6 have?

A

Causes fever and stimulates production of acute-phase proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What major role does IL-8 play?

A

Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils; “Think: “Clean up on aisle 8. Neutrophils are recruited by IL-8 to clear infections.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells secrete IL-12?

A

Macrophages; Also secreted by B cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What effects does IL-12 have?

A

Induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells. Activates NK cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What effects does TNF-alpha have?

A

Mediates septic shock. Activates endothelium. Causes leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What major function do IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 have?

A

IL-1: fever (hot); IL-2: stimulates T cells; IL-3: stimulates Bone marrow; IL-4: stimulates IgE production; IL-5: stimulates IgA production; IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production; Think: “Hot T-Bone stEAK”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cytokines do all T cells secrete?

A

(1) IL-2 (2) IL-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What function does IL-2 have?

A

Stimulates growth of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What function does IL-3 have? What other factor does it function like?

A

Supports the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Functions like GM-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cytokine do Th1 cells specifically secrete?

A

Interferon-gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cells secrete Interferon-gamma? What are its functions?

A

From Th1 cells; Has antiviral and antitumor properties. Activates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells, Increases MHC expression and antigen presentation in all cells.

17
Q

What cytokines do Th2 cells specifically secrete?

A

(1) IL-4 (2) IL-5 (3) IL-10

18
Q

What major 3 functions does IL-4 have?

A

Induces differentiation into Th2 cells. Promotes growth of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG.

19
Q

What major 3 functions does IL-5 have?

A

Promotes differentiation of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgA. Stimulates the growth and differentiation of eosinophils.

20
Q

What functions does IL-10 have? What other cytokine has similar actions to IL-10, and how so?

A

Modulates inflammatory response. Inhibits actions of activated T cells and Th1; TGF-Beta has similar actions to IL-10, because it is involved in inhibiting inflammation.

21
Q

What cells secrete IL-10?

A

From Th2 cells. Also secreted by regulatory T cells.

22
Q

Which cytokines enhance class switching to the following: (1) IgA (2) IgE (3) IgG.

A

(1) IL-5 (2) IL-4 (3) IL-4

23
Q

Which cytokine suppresses Th2 cells? What other functions does it have?

A

Interferon-gamma; Activates macrophages and Th1 cells. Suppresses Th2 cells. Has antiviral and antitumor properties.

24
Q

Which cytokine promotes growth of B cells? What other functions does it have?

A

IL-4; Induces differentiation into Th2 cells. Promotes growth of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG.

25
Q

Which cytokine modulates the inflammatory response? How does it do this?

A

IL-10; Modulates inflammatory response. Inhibits actions of activated T cells and Th1.

26
Q

What role do interferons alpha and beta play in the immune system? How do they function in general?

A

A part of innate host defense against both RNA and DNA viruses. Interferons are glycoproteins synthesized by viral-infected cells that act locally on uninfected cells, “priming them” for viral defense. (Think: “Interferon Interferes with viruses.”

27
Q

What is the interferon mechanism? What is its ultimate result?

A

Interferons induce the production of a ribonuclease that inhibits viral protein synthesis by degrading viral mRNA (but not host mRNA). When a virus infects “primed” cells, viral nucleic acids activate: (1) RNAase L –> degradation of viral/host mRNA (2) Protein kinase –> inhibition of viral/host protein synthesis; Essentially results in apoptosis, thereby interrupting viral amplification

28
Q

What are the differences in function between alpha, beta, and gamma interferons? What function do they all share?

A

Alpha and Beta interferons inhibit viral protein synthesis; Gamma interferons increase MHC I and II expression and antigen presentation in all cells & Activates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells; All part of innate immune system antiviral defenses

29
Q

Which cells have MHC I?

A

All cells except mature RBCs have MHC I.

30
Q

What are the cell surface proteins that all T cells have? What is each of their purposes?

A

(1) TCR - binds antigen-MHC complex (2) CD3 - associated with TCR for signal transduction (3) CD28 - binds B7 on APC

31
Q

What cell surface proteins do helper versus cytotoxic T cells have?

A

HELPER T CELLS - CD4, CD40 ligand; CYTOTOXIC T CELLS - CD8

32
Q

What clusters of differentiation cell surface proteins do B cells have? Which is the receptor for EBV?

A

CD19, CD20, CD21 (receptor for EBV), CD40; Think: “you can drink Beer at the Bar when you’re 21: B cells, Epstein-Barr virus, CD-21”

33
Q

Besides clusters of differentiation, what other 3 cell surface proteins do B cells have?

A

(1) Ig (2) MHC II (3) B7

34
Q

What clusters of differentiation cell surface proteins do macrophages have?

A

CD14, CD40

35
Q

Besides clusters of differentiation, what other 4 cell surface proteins do macrophages have?

A

(1) MHC II (2) B7 (3) Fc receptors and (4) C3b receptors (enhanced phagocytosis)

36
Q

Which cell surface proteins on macrophages promote enhanced phagocytosis?

A

Fc and C3b receptors (enhanced phagocytosis)

37
Q

What cell surface proteins do NK cells have, and what is the purpose of each?

A

(1) CD16 (binds Fc of IgG) (2) CD56 (unique marker for NK)

38
Q

What is another name for IL-1?

A

Also called osteoclast-activating factor

FA - Immunology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions