Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immuno > Immuno from quizlet > Flashcards

Immuno from quizlet Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T, B, and NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

phagocytes

A

Macrophages
Neutrophils
Dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cytotoxic cells

A

CD8
NK cells
Eosinophils (kill parasites if IgE coated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which cells are recruited into infected tissue?

A 
Monocyte (become macs)
NK cell
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Effector CD4
Effector CD8
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which cells are resident in tissue?

A

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

innate branch

A

responds quickly

composed of mostly myeloid lineage cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

adaptive branch

A

responds later and is composed mostly of lymphoid lineage cells - B & T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Humoral immunity is mediated by complement and antibodies

complement = extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

phagocytosis

cytotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Naïve lymphocytes get into the lymph node using __

A

Naïve lymphocytes get into the LN using HEVs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lymphocytes get into the spleen via __

A

Lymphocytes get into the spleen via sinusoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DCs get into the lymph node using __

A

DCs get into the LN using afferent lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DCs carry antigen from WHAT into spleen white pulp?

A

DCs carry antigen from sinusoids/blood into spleen white pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MALT includes secondary lymphoid tissue under the mucosa of - what 3 tracts?

A

MALT includes secondary lymphoid tissue under the

mucosa of the gut,
respiratory tracts
urogenital tracts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

monoclonal vs polyclonal

A

The antigen on each T-cell or each B-cell

are monoclonal, but to pathogen receptors adaptive responses are polyclonal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clonal deletion prevents WHAT cells from recognizing and reacting to self cells.

A

Clonal deletion prevents adaptive cells from recognizing and reacting to self cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clonal expansion of adaptive cells generates WHAT cells.

A

Clonal expansion of adaptive cells generates both effector cells and memory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secondary responses result from clonal expansion of WHAT cells.

A

Secondary responses result from clonal expansion of memory cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

viral/bacterial nucleic acids are sensed by__

A

•Endosomal TLRs
Cytoplasmic RLRs
•Some cytoplasmic NLRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

antigen presenting cells

A

dendritic cells
B cells
macrophages

Thymus epithelial cells also express MHC Class 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TH1 T cells

A

induced by: IL-12, Interferon-gamma
transcription factor: T-bet

cytokines made: IL-2, Interferon-gamma

function:

  • IL2 activates CD8 T cells in LN
  • Interferon-gamma induces expression of Ig-G
  • Interferon-gamma induces Macs & NK to kill in infected tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TH2 T cells

A

induced by: IL-4
transcription factor: GATA-3

cytokines made: IL-4, IL-5

function:

  • IL-4 & IL-5 activate naive B cells in LN
  • defense against helminths
  • produce IG-E - involved in allergy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TH17 T cells

A

induced by: TGF-beta, IL-6
transcription factor: ROR-gamma-T

cytokines made: IL-6, IL-17

function:

  • activate neutrophils to kill
  • involved in autoimmunity
  • defend against extracellular yeast & bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T follicular (Tfh) T cells

A

induced by: IL-21, IL-23, ICOSL
transcription factor: Bcl-6

cytokines made: IL-4, IL-13

function:
- key source of cytokines in lymph node - promote class switching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T-reg T cells

A

induced by: TGF-beta
transcription factor: fox-p-3

cytokines made: TGF-beta, IL-10

function:

  • down-regulate T cell proliferation
  • deplete IL-2 - decrease T cell expansion
  • differentiated by TGF-beta in absence of inflammatory cytokines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

BCG /tuberculosis vaccine type

A

attenuated live bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sabin polio vaccine type

A

attenuated live virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Salk polio vaccine type

A

inactivated virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

pertussis /whooping cough vaccine type

A

inactivated bacteria (old pertussis)

and

toxoid/subunit (new pertussis)

30
Q

tetanus vaccine type

A

toxoid

31
Q

Haemophilus influenza b vaccine type

A

conjugate vaccine

32
Q

hepatitis B vaccine type

A

subunit/viral coat vaccine

33
Q 
T cell deficiency
CD4 deficiency (lack MHC II expression)
RAG deficiency
ADA deficiency
common gamma chain deficiency
A

life threatening opportunistic infections: intractable diarrhea, pneumonia, thrush

34
Q

what subunit is unchanging, constant, not polymorphic

A

beta-2-microglobulin on MHC Class 1

35
Q

neutrophil deficiency

A
  • pyogenic bacterial infections

- yeast infections

36
Q

NADPH oxidase deficiency

A
  • pyogenic bacterial infections
  • yeast infections
  • Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
37
Q

LFA-1 and MAC-1 deficiency

A

pyogenic bacterial infections

high neutrophil count = high WBC

38
Q

C3 deficiency

A

pyogenic bacterial infections

all 3 complement pathways affected

39
Q

C8 deficiency

A

Nesseira meningitis infection (cannot MAC attack)

40
Q

B cell deficiency
Btk deficiency
antibody expression deficiency
Rituximab

A

pyogenic bacterial infections

41
Q

CD40L deficiency

A

pyogenic bacterial infections

occasional fungal infections

42
Q

IL-17 deficiency

(also found in AIRE deficiency

A

yeast infections

43
Q

NK cell deficiency

A

severe viral infections

44
Q

CD8 deficiency

A

severe viral infections

45
Q

INF-gamma deficiency

A

severe tuberculosis / intracellular bacteria

46
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Ig-E mediated, Th2 and eosinophils involved

Allergic asthma (lower resp)
Allergic rhinitis (upper resp)
Acute urticaria (skin)
Systemic anaphylaxis (allergen in blood)
47
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity

A

IgG binds to cell surface antigen

penicillin reaction = B cells make anti-penicillin IgG - binds to penicillin on blood cells - lysis - low blood count, delayed clotting
chronic urticaria (IgG against Fc-epsilon R)
Myasthenia gravis (IgG against Ach R)
Pemphigus (IgG against desmoglein)
48
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

IgG - form immune complexes and activate complement

antiserum sickness 
arthus reaction 
Cyroglobulinemia-induced vasculitis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Lupus (IgG antibodies to DNA)
49
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

T cell mediated
Th1 - mac activation
Th2 - IgE production
CTL - cytotoxicity

contact dermatitis/poison ivy (Th1)
tuberculin reaction (Th1)
chronic asthma, chronic allergic rhinitis (Th2)
graft rejection (CTL)
Type 1 diabetes
Celiac disease
rheumatoid arthritis (can also be Type 2 or Type 3)

50
Q

AIRE deficiency

A

autoimmunities against endocrine glands;
recurrent yeast infections (IL-17 deficiency)

Dec T cell central tolerance

51
Q

Fox-P-3 deficiency

A

multiple autoimmunities
villous atrophy and severe watery diarrhea
skin hypersensitivity

Treg cannot differenciate
–> Dec Peripheral tolerance

52
Q

what diseases involve molecular mimicry?

A

Antibiotic-resistant arthritis in Lyme disease - exo peptide and LFA-1

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: exo pneumonia peptide and Rh protein in red blood cell makes IgM response - epitope spread - C3b activation & opsonization

53
Q

Chronic urticaria

A

Type II - IgG binding to cell surface

IgG autoantibodies bind Fc-epsilon receptors on mast cell and activate complement

C3a and C5a generated by classical complement activation degranulate mast cell to release HM and synthesize LTs

54
Q

Hyper-IgM

A

Recurrent pyogenic infections

Poor defense against intracellular bacteria/tuberculosis

55
Q

extracellular pathogen - removed by

A

phagocytosis and complement

56
Q

intracellular pathogen - removed by

A

cytotoxicity

57
Q

TGF-beta - class switch

A

IgA

58
Q

INF-g - class switch

A

IgG (odd #)

59
Q

IL-4 - class switch

A

IgE

60
Q

IgM functions

A
  • early response
  • activate complement
  • pentamer
61
Q

IgG functions

A
  • most abundant class in blood; found in any tissue
  • cross placenta
  • bind to Fc-gamma receptors on phagocytes (Macs, Neuts) and NK cells (ADCC killing)
62
Q

IgA functions

A
  • found in secretions, mucosa, breastmilk

- most abundant class overall

63
Q

IgE functions

A
  • allergy
  • helminths
  • sensitize mast cells
64
Q

IL-2 deficiency

A

impair T-reg development
impair peripheral tolerance
does NOT impair naive T cell activation

65
Q

C1, C2, C4 deficiency

A

increase immune complex disease
decrease clearance of antigen-antibody complex

C1q (worst) > C4 > C3

66
Q

what does LPS bind?

A

surface TLR4

67
Q

cross-presenting vs conventional DC

A

conventional DC: takes exogenous proteins - present on MHC Class 2 - get CD4 helper

cross-presenting DC is uninfected : takes exogenous proteins - present on MHC Class 1 - get CD8 killer

“exogenous” means the protein was endocytosed (does not refer to self/foreign)

68
Q

What cells present HLA Class I and not HLA Class II?

A 
CD4
CD8
Epithelial cells
Neutrophils
NK cells
69
Q

What cell present both HLA Class I & Class II?

A

B cells
DC
Macrophages

70
Q

Which conditions can cause a pyogenic bacterial infection?

A 
Deficiencies:
Neutrophil
NADPH oxidase
LFA-1
MAC-1
C3
CD40L
B cell
Btk
Ab expression

Condition: Hyper IgM

Immuno (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions