Immuno

Question 1

What are the different types of Leukocyte adhesion deficiencies? Symptoms?

Answer 1

LAD1, 2, and 3. 1 and 3 the worst. 1 = defect in CD18 so no functional beta-2 integrins. LAD 3: impaired cytokine signalig so no integrin activation. LAD 2: no selectins. Symptoms: recurrent bacterial infx, no pus, and delayed separation of umbilicus

Question 2

What cells do IL-2 activate?

Answer 2

T cell and helper T cell prliferation and grwoth. NK cells, monocyte, and B cell stimulation of division. Can be shown to induce some tumor regression.

Question 3

What are symptoms of TSST?

Answer 3

Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain and later erythoderma

Question 4

How does TSST-1 work?

Answer 4

Activates large widespread activation of T lymphocytes leading to IL-2 from T cells and IL-1/TNF from macrophages

Question 5

What lymph node drains all skin from the umbilicus down, including the anus but excluding the posterior calf?

Answer 5

Superficial inguinal lymph node

Question 6

What do the superior bladder and inferior bladder drain to? What does the prostate drain to?

Answer 6

Superior portion –> external iliac, inferior to internal iliac. Prostate to internal iliac.

Question 7

What marker is rather specific for analphylaxis and mass cell degranulation?

Answer 7

Tryptase

Question 8

Do NK cells need thymus?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

What does neg selection cells react with

Answer 9

Thymid medullary epithelium and dendritic cells

Question 10

What is the order in which B cells are spliced?

Answer 10

IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE, IgA

Question 11

What is IgA secretory proteins responsible for?

Answer 11

Facilitates movement / prevents degradation? J protein also in dimers. Switching happens in follicles.

Question 12

What is GM-CSF for?

Answer 12

Growth of differentiation of myeloid progenitors, secreted by macrophages and T cells

Question 13

What is TGF-Beta for?

Answer 13

Decreased immune and increased matrix synthesis and angiogenesis

Question 14

How is the flu vaccine best delivered virally?

Answer 14

IgA and IgG both. IgA hits HA in nasal secretions, IgG against it in blood

Question 15

Difference in live vs dead virus in terms of IgA?

Answer 15

Attenuated, live virus have more IgA - better response. For viral entry protection. B cells for dead form against dead HA, preventing viral entry

Question 16

What cells do Candida antigen injection respond?

Answer 16

Type IV, tests for macrophages/CD4+. Cell mediated

Question 17

When do you give anti-Rh(D)?

Answer 17

At 28 weeks. IgG against Rh protein. Binds fetal RBC from allowing to interact.

Question 18

What immunoglobulin deficiency can cause Celiacs?

Answer 18

IgA

Question 19

Tell me about how IL-12 is responsible for intracellular organisms/mycobacterial

Answer 19

Infected macrophages –> IL-12 –> T/NK cell –> IFN-y–> intracellular killing within macrophages with STAT1/Janus pathway in phagolysosome

Question 20

How does omalizumab work?

Answer 20

IgG that binds IgE to prevent any degranulation

Question 21

How do you tell CGD and MPO deficiency apart?

Answer 21

MPO don’t do well in catalse + or -

Question 22

Histology of Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

Answer 22

Giant cytoplasic granules. Can also have nystagmus

Question 23

Symptoms of GVD?

Answer 23

desquamation, liver jaudnce, elevated AST/ALT, diarrhea, pain, bloating

Question 24

What is bloom syndrome?

Answer 24

defect in DNA repair enzyme, short stature, predisposition to cancer.

Question 25

In chronic transplant rejection, what happens to smooth muscle

Answer 25

Hypertrophies in intima