Immunizations in HIV Flashcards
(129 cards)
What does ACIP recommend for immunizing people with HIV?
Immunizing similarly to the general population, with key exceptions.
Which live virus vaccines are contraindicated in people with HIV with CD4 <200 cells/mm3?
- Measles
- Mumps
- Rubella
- Varicella (VAR)
- Live attenuated typhoid Ty21a
- Yellow fever
Which live virus vaccine is contraindicated for any CD4 counts?
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)
What vaccines have specific recommendations related to HIV status?
- COVID-19
- Hepatitis A (HAV)
- Hepatitis B (HBV)
- Meningococcus serogroup A, C, W, Y (MenACWY)
- Pneumococcal vaccines
- Human papillomavirus
What defines advanced HIV?
CD4 count <200 cells/mm3, history of AIDS-defining illness without immune reconstitution, or clinical manifestations of symptomatic HIV.
What should adults and children >5 years with HIV receive regarding COVID-19 vaccinations?
A dose of the updated COVID-19 vaccine regardless of their CD4 count or HIV viral load.
True or False: Individuals with advanced or untreated HIV may receive one additional COVID-19 vaccine dose.
True
What is the association between lower CD4 counts and COVID-19 outcomes in people with HIV?
Lower CD4 counts are associated with higher risk for ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, or death.
What is the recommended dosing schedule for the hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) for people with HIV?
A two-dose series (0 and 6–12 months for Havrix or 0 and 6–18 months for Vaqta).
What should be administered for people with HIV traveling to countries with endemic HAV?
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) 0.1 mL/kg for travel <1 month; 0.2 mL/kg for travel ≥2 months.
What is the preferred hepatitis B vaccine for people without chronic HBV infection?
Heplisav-B intramuscularly at 0 and 4 weeks.
What is the vaccination schedule for prior non-responders to Hepatitis B vaccine?
Administer HepBCpG (Heplisav-B) IM at 0 and 4 weeks, with consideration for a third dose at 24 weeks.
What should be done for people with HIV who have been exposed to HBV and were vaccinated previously?
No additional vaccine is needed if they have documented antibody response.
What is the recommended HPV vaccine for people with HIV?
9-valent inactivated recombinant vaccine (Gardasil 9).
At what age should the HPV vaccination series ideally be initiated for people with HIV?
At age 11 or 12 years.
What is the recommendation regarding the influenza vaccine for people with HIV?
Administer age-appropriate inactivated influenza vaccine or recombinant influenza vaccine annually.
What vaccine is contraindicated for people with HIV?
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV).
What should be administered to pregnant people with HIV regarding influenza?
Inactivated influenza or recombinant vaccine at any time during pregnancy.
What is the significance of the influenza vaccine formulations?
Vaccine formulations are updated yearly to reflect circulating strains.
What is contraindicated for people with HIV?
LAIV administered via nasal spray
LAIV stands for Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine.
What type of influenza vaccines are recommended for people with HIV aged 65 years or older?
High-dose, recombinant, and adjuvanted influenza vaccines
These are recommended over standard-dose unadjuvanted inactivated vaccines.
During which months do annual epidemics of seasonal influenza typically occur in the United States?
October to April
What are the two surface antigens used to categorize Influenza A viruses?
- HA
- Neuraminidase (NA)
What is antigenic drift?
Point mutations and recombination events within a subtype